Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
What is the normal fasting blood glucose levels?
< 6.1 mmol/L
What is the fasting blood glucose level for prediabetes?
6.1 - 6.9 mmol/L
What is the fasting blood glucose level for diabetes?
7+ mmol/L
What is the normal 2h postprandial blood glucose level?
< 7.8 mmol/L
What is the 2h postprandial blood glucose level for prediabetes?
7.8 - 11 mmol/L
What is the 2h postprandial blood glucose level for diabetes?
11.1 mmol/L
What is a normal HbA1c?
< 43 mmol/mol
What is a prediabetic HbA1c?
43 - 47 mmol/mol
What is a diabetic HbA1c?
> 48mmol/mol
How would you treat prediabetes? (3)
- NO MEDICATION
- Lifestyle advice (diet, exercise, weight loss)
- Annual review
What is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (2)
Inappropriately low insulin + peripheral insulin resistance
What is T2DM caused by? (2)
Insulin resistance/ beta-cell dysfunction
What are the risk factors for T2DM? (7)
Male Asians Obesity Genetics Lack of exercise Elderly High-calorie intake
What are the symptoms of T2DM?
- Asymptomatic!
- If very severe, develop signs of hyperglycaemia
How would you investigate T2DM? (4)
- Random glucose
- Fasting glucose
- 2H Postprandial glucose
- Finger-prick HbA1c test