Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
Type I Diabetes
Cells that produce insulin are destroyed
Results in insulin dependence
Commonly detected before 30
Type II Diabetes
Blood glucose levels rise due to
- Insufficient insulin action (resistant cells)
- Lack of insulin production
Commonly detected after 40
Eventually leads to beta-cell failure
Gestational Diabetes
3-5% of pregnant woment in the U.S. develop gestational diabetes
Fasting Plasma Glucose Test
FPG (cheap and fast)
Normal 70-110 mg/dL
Glycosylated Hemoglobin Tests
HbA1c
Normal: 4 - 6.7% of total Hb
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
OGTT
Tested 2 hours after glucose-rich drink
140-199 mg/dL signals pre-diabetes
>200 mg/dL signals diabetes
Secondary DM
Acromegaly
Cushing Syndrome
Thyrotoxicosis
Pheochromocytoma
Chronic Pancreatitis
Cancer
Drug Induced Hyperglycemia
Beta-blockers
Calcium Channel blockers
Corticosteroids
DM Complications
Nephropathy
Retinopathy
Neuropathy
CV Disease
Osteopathy
Increased Morbidity and Mortality
Artherosclerosis (more diffuse)
Increased CHF and CVA risk
Increased incidence of dysrhythmias post MI
Charcot’s Disease
Progressive degeneration of a weight bearing joint
(neuropathic arthropathy)
Management of DM
Diet and Exercise
Oral hypoglycemic therapy
Insulin Therapy
Hyperglycemia
Postpone exercise if blood glucose is > 300 mg/dL
Exercise Prescription and DM
(Aerobic Training)
Aerobic Training
50-80% of HRR (RPE 12-16)
3-7 days/week
20-60 minutes
Goal >150 minutes/week
Exercise Prescription and DM
Resistance Training
2-3 sets of 8-12 reps and 60-80% of 1RM
2-3 days/week
8-10 multijoint exercises
Empasis on proper form
