Diabetes mellitus Flashcards

1
Q

Criterios diabetes

A
  • Glucosa en ayuno: > 126 mg/dl
  • CTOG: > 200 mg/dl
  • Hb1Ac: > 6.5 %
  • Glucosa al azar > 200 con sintomas
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1
Q

Criterios prediabetes

A
  • Glucosa en ayuno: 100 - 125 mg/dl
  • CTOG: 140 - 199 mg/dl a las 2 hrs con 75g
  • Hb1Ac: 5.7 - 6.4%
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2
Q

Metas

A
  • Glucosa ayuno: < 130 mg/dl
  • Glucemia postprandial: < 180 mg/dl
  • Hb1Ac: < 7%
  • Hb1Ac con expectativa de vida prolongada : <6.5%
  • Hb1Ac con 1 o 2 enfermedades cronicas: < 7.5%
  • Hb1Ac con 3 o mas enfermedades cronicas: < 8%
  • Hb1Ac con enfermedad cronica grave: < 8.5%
  • Colesterol: < 200
  • LDL: < 100 (< 70 si hay factores de RCV)
  • HDL: > 40
  • PA: 130/80
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3
Q

Tx dual DM que no responde a metformina

A

Metformina + iDPP4 (sitagliptina)

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4
Q

CAD leve

A
  • Glucosa: > 250 mg
  • pH: 7.25 - 7.3
  • Bicarbonato: 15 - 16
  • Cetonas en suero u orina positivas (nitroprusiato)
  • Beta hidroxibutirato > 17.43
  • Anion Gap: > 10
  • Estado mental alerta
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5
Q

CAD moderada

A
  • Glucosa: > 250 mg
  • pH: 7 - 7.24
  • Bicarbonato:10 - 15
  • Cetonas en suero u orina positivas (nitroprusiato)
  • Beta hidroxibutirato > 17.43
  • Anion Gap: > 12
  • Estado mental somnoliento
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6
Q

CAD severa

A
  • Glucosa: > 250 mg
  • pH: < 7
  • Bicarbonato: < 10
  • Cetonas en suero u orina positivas (nitroprusiato)
  • Beta hidroxibutirato > 17.43
  • Anion Gap: > 12
  • Estado mental estupor o coma
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7
Q

Manejo CAD

A
  • SS 0.9% 1000 cc 1 h
  • Insulina 0.1 u/kg/h
    Reduccion < 250 mg/gl glucosa
  • Insulina 0.5 u/kh/h
  • Agregar dextrosa 5 o 10%
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8
Q

Reduccion de glucosa en CAD

A

50 - 75 mg/dl/h

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9
Q

Clasificacion RD

A
  • No proliferativa (aneurismas): leve, moderada y severa
  • Proliferativa (neovasos): temprana y de alto riesgo
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10
Q

Tx RD de alto riesgo

A

Fotocoagulacion con laser panretiniana

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11
Q

Px con sospecha de DM, siguiente paso

A
  • Obeso: peptido C
  • No obeso: anticuerpos
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12
Q

Anticuerpos mas comun en DM 1

A

GAD65

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13
Q

Tx DM1

A

Insulina: 40 - 60% para insulina basal, el resto de accion ultrarapida preprandial

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14
Q

Indicaciones uso de insulina NPH

A
  • Hb1Ac > 9%
  • Glucosa > 300 mg y sintomatologia
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15
Q

Dsilipidemia asociada a DM

A
  • Hipertrigliceridemia y HDL bajo
16
Q

Escala de evaluacion de RCV Globorisk

A
  • > 19 años
  • Sin enfermedades
17
Q

Criterios EHH

A
  • Glucemia > 600 mg
  • Osm serica > 320
  • Cetonas: bajas
  • Bicarbonato: > 15
  • Cambio en el estado mental
18
Q

Manejo

A
  • SS 0.9% 1000 cc primer hora
  • Insulina en bolo 0.1 Ul/kg seguido de 0.1 Ul/kg/h (glucosa llega a 250, 0.05 Ul/kg/h)
  • Na > 135, seguir con SS 0.9%; si es < 135 SS 0.45%
19
Q

Tx pie diabetico

A

Ceftrixona + clindamicina

20
Q

Desbridamiento en pie diabetico

A

Infeccion profunda o necrosis (B, C, D Texas)

21
Q

Exploracion neurologica

A

Filamentos de Semmes Weinstein

22
Q

DM con albuminuria

A

Matformina + dapaglifozina (SGLT2)

23
Q
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24
Q
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25
Q
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26
Q
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27
Q
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28
Q
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