Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards

1
Q

Types of DM

A

Type 1
Type 2
Gestational

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2
Q

Examination important steps in DM

A

Prayers sign
Skin -bullae, pigmentation , granuloma annulaire , vitiligo
Blood pressure
Neck - carotid pulse , bruits, thyroid enlargement
Head - xanthelesma, cranial nerve palsy , movements, ptôsis
Eyes -visual acuity , cataract, Lens opacity , fundoscopy
Insulin injection sites - anterior abdominal wall, upper thighs/buttocks, upper outer arms
Abdomen -hepatomegaly
Legs -muscle wasting, sensory abnormalities, hair loss, tendon reflexes
Feet - inspection, peripheral pulse, sensation

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3
Q

DM definition

A

Clinical syndrome with Hyperglycemia

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4
Q

Type 1 DM definition

A

Form of DM from autoimmune destruction of insulin producing Beta cells of pancreas leading to insulin insuffiency

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5
Q

Type 2 DM definition

A

DM with reduced sensitivity to insulin and inability to produce enough insulin to overcome this insulin resistance

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6
Q

Type of complication caused by hyperglycemia

A

Micro vascular complications - retino, nephro, neuropathies

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7
Q

Diagnostic criteria for DM

A

Fasting blood glucose FBC - more than 7mmol/L or 126mg/dL

Or

Glucose 2h after glucose challenge - more than 11.1mmol/L or 200mg/dL

Or

HbAC> 48mmol/mol

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8
Q

Percentage of world population with diabetes

A

10% and should increase

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9
Q

Population with high Incidence of DM type 2

A

Migrants to undustrialized countries
Children and adolescent from Hispanics, black and Asian India

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10
Q

Population with high incidence of type 1 DM

A

Countries close to pole Like Finland
Caucasians

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11
Q

Mortality rate of DM

A

5m deaths

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