diabetes meds Flashcards
give type/mechanism: lispro
insulin, rapid acting
give type/mechanism: aspart
insulin, rapid acting
give type/mechanism: glulisine
insulin, rapid acting
give type/mechanism: “regular” insulin
insulin, short acting
give type/mechanism: NPH
insulin, intermediate acting
give type/mechanism: glargine
insulin, long acting
give type/mechanism: detemir
insulin, long acting
give type/mechanism: metformin
biguanide, reduces hepatic glucose output
decreases gluconeogenesis
increases glycolysis
increases peripheral glucose uptake (insulin sensitivity)
give type/mechanism: tolbutamide
1st gen sulfonylurea
close K+ channel in beta cell so cell depolarizes triggering insulin release via Ca2+ influx
give type/mechanism: chlorpropamide
1st gen sulfonylurea
close K+ channel in beta cell so cell depolarizes triggering insulin release via Ca2+ influx
give type/mechanism: glyburide
2nd gen sulfonylurea
close K+ channel in beta cell so cell depolarizes triggering insulin release via Ca2+ influx
give type/mechanism: glimepiride
2nd gen sulfonylurea
close K+ channel in beta cell so cell depolarizes triggering insulin release via Ca2+ influx
give type/mechanism: glipizide
2nd gen sulfonylurea
close K+ channel in beta cell so cell depolarizes triggering insulin release via Ca2+ influx
give type/mechanism: pioglitazone
glitazone/thiazolidinediones
binds to PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator –> increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue
give type/mechanism: rosiglitazone
glitazone/thiazolidinediones
binds to PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator –> increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue
give type/mechanism: acarbose
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
inhibits intestinal brush border alpha glucosidases. delayed sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption –> decreased postprandial hyperglycemia
give type/mechanism: miglitol
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
inhibits intestinal brush border alpha glucosidases. delayed sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption –> decreased postprandial hyperglycemia
give type/mechanism: pramlintide
amylin analog
decreases gastic emptying
decreases glucagon
(amylin is cosecreted with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells and acts centrally to slow gastric emptying, suppress postprandial glucagon secretion, and decrease food intake)
give type/mechanism: exenatide
GLP-1 analog
increase insulin
decrease glucagon release
(GLP-1 is secreted by intestinal L cells in response to food intake and stimulates proinsulin gene transcription and glucose dependent insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying, promotes satiety, reduces food intake, inhibits glucagon secretion)
give type/mechanism: liraglutide
GLP-1 analog
increase insulin
decrease glucagon release
(GLP-1 is secreted by intestinal L cells in response to food intake and stimulates proinsulin gene transcription and glucose dependent insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying, promotes satiety, reduces food intake, inhibits glucagon secretion)
give type/mechanism: linagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitor
increase insulin
decrease glucagon release
DPP-4 enzyme inactives GLP-1
give type/mechanism: saxagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitor
increase insulin
decrease glucagon release
DPP-4 enzyme inactives GLP-1
give type/mechanism: sitagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitor
increase insulin
decrease glucagon release
DPP-4 enzyme inactives GLP-1
contraindication of Metformin
can cause lactic acidosis, so contraindicated for anyone predisposed to that: heart failure, liver disease, severe hypoxia, renal insufficiency
contraindication of sulfonylureas
hepatic dysfunction
what diabetes medication is best for people with renal dysfunction?
Glipizide (undergoes hepatic clearance)
side effect of Thiazolidinediones
fluid retention, peripheral edema (contraindication: heart failure)
