diabetes medications questions Flashcards
A 56 year old male is diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. He is started on pharmacological management. He asks his GP how his medication works and his GP states that it increases the body’s sensitivity to insulin by increasing glucose uptake into cells.
Which drug has he been started on?
metformin
gliclazide, a sulfonylurea
A 45-year-old male presents to the GP complaining of weight gain having been recently started on a medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Which type of diabetes medication is the patient most likely to have been started on?
sulfonylurea
A 45-year-old male has been recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. His GP explains that he may be started on an anti-diabetic drug which enhances the release of insulin by pancreatic islet cells by altering potassium channel activity in these cells.
Which type of diabetes drug has he been prescribed?
sulfonylurea
A 57-year-old male presents to his GP following several hypoglycaemic episodes. He has a history of type 2 diabetes and heart failure. He is currently being treated with Metformin and Gliclazide.
What is the most likely cause of his hypoglycaemic episodes?
gliclazide
A 55 year old man with Type 2 diabetes has attended annual diabetes clinic to review his medications. You are happy with this control and he reports well controlled blood sugars. He mentions he has read about a new drug called dapagliflozin
What is the mechanism of action of Dapagliflozin?
Sodium- Dependent Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibitor
- leads to increased glycosuria and reduced reabsorption of glucose.
A 48-year-old patient with diabetes is admitted to hospital with liver failure. Which type of antidiabetic medications reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis?
metformin, a biguanide
A 70-year-old man with a background of ischaemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes is admitted with dehydration and feeling generally unwell. Examination reveals clinical evidence of dehydration. Further investigations show a metabolic acidosis with a normal lactate and raised ketones. He is treated for diabetic ketoacidosis. His glucose is within normal range. Which type of diabetes medications is associated with this clinical picture?
SGLT2 inhibitors such as dapagliflozin
A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath.
He has a background of asthma and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A venous blood gas demonstrates a lactate of 8 mmol/L (normal <2 mmol/L) and a pH of 7.31 (normal 7.35-7.45).
Which diabetes drug is the patient most likely to be taking that would explain the test results?
metformin can cause lactic acidosis
A 58-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes has been prescribed glimepiride. What is the primary mechanism of action of glimepiride in lowering blood glucose levels?
increasing insulin secretion
A 60-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus is started on a sulfonylurea medication. What is the most common side effect associated with this medication?
hypoglycaemia
