Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHRM840 > Diabetes Medication Formulary > Flashcards

Diabetes Medication Formulary Flashcards

1
Q

metformin dosages

A

-initial dose: 500 mg PO BID or 850 mg PO QD with meals
-titrate weekly or bi-monthly and increase by 250-500 mg/day
-maximum dose: 2550 mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

metformin adverse effects

A

-lactic acidosis
-diarrhea
-flatulence
-nausea
-vomiting
-vitamin B12 deficiency
-dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

metformin monitoring

A

-eGFR ≥ 60: monitor SCr annually
-eGFR 45-60: monitor SCr every 3-6 months
-eGFR 30-45: monitor SCr every 3 months
-avoid in acute decompensated hospitalized HF, unstable HF, and/or HF coupled with severe renal/hepatic disease
-avoid excessive intake of alcohol
-hold metformin 1-2 days before and then ~2 days after depending upon patient status for surgery/radiologic procedure with contrast dye
-titrate dosage for GI side effects
-monitor vitamin B12 annually and provide supplementation if needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

metformin counseling points

A

-side effects: diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, headache, fatigue
-call a doctor if you are experiencing lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, or an allergic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

alogliptin dosages

A

-25 mg PO QD
-12.5 mg PO QD (CrCl 30-60)
-6.25 mg PO QD (CrCl <30 or with ESRD on dialysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sitagliptin dosages

A

-100 mg PO QD (CrCl > 50)
-50 mg PO QD (CrCl 30-50)
-25 mg PO QD (CrCl < 30 or ESRD on dialysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

DPP-4 inhibitors adverse effects

A

-nasopharyngitis
-upper respiratory tract infections (URIs)
-headache
-acute pancreatitis
-joint pain
-HF risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DPP-4 inhibitors monitoring

A

-adjust dose for renal function
-avoid use in patients with history of chronic pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DPP-4 inhibitors counseling points

A

-signs/symptoms of acute pancreatitis
-side effects: common cold symptoms, sore throat, stuffy nose, runny nose, headache
-call a doctor if you are experiencing severe joint pain, persistent joint pain, skin blisters, skin breakdown, heart problems, hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, liver problems, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, allergic reaction, or kidney problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

dulaglutide dosages

A

-0.75 mg SQ weekly
-titrate up to 4.5 mg SQ weekly if needed for BG control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

liraglutide dosages

A

-0.6 mg SQ QD for 1 week, then increase to 1.2 mg SQ QD
-titrate up to 1.8 mg SQ QD if needed for BG control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ozempic dosages

A

-0.25 mg SQ weekly for 4 weeks to prevent nausea
-0.5 mg SQ weekly and titrate up to 2 mg SQ weekly if needed for BG control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rybelsus dosages

A

-3 mg PO QD for 30 days, then increase to 7 mg PO QD
-titrate to 14 mg QD if needed for BG control
-if on Ozempic 0.5 mg SQ weekly, then change to 7 mg PO QD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

GLP-1 agonists adverse effects

A

-nausea
-vomiting
-diarrhea
-acute pancreatitis
-thyroid C-cell tumors
-gallbladder disease
-retinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

GLP-1 agonists monitoring

A

-contraindicated in patients with personal or family history of MTC or with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2)
-use with caution or avoid in patients with preexisting gallbladder disease
-avoid in patients with gastroparesis
-monitor patients with history of retinopathy
-use with caution in patients with severe non-proliferative disease and avoid in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

dulaglutide counseling points

A

-may be given at anytime, independent of meals
-may be administered in thigh, abdomen, or arm
-may be administered cold
-available in single dose pens
-remove grey base cap and place pen firmly against skin
-unlock top of pen and press green button to administer medication
-at second click, medication has been administered (can remove pen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

liraglutide counseling points

A

-may be given at anytime, independent of meals
-may be administered in thigh, abdomen, or arm
-available in pre-filled pens with 18 mg per pen
-should be stored in refrigerator when not opened
-in-use pen may be kept at room temperature
-discard unused medication after 30 days
-only prime prior to first injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ozempic counseling points

A

-may be administered in thigh abdomen, or arm
-store pens in refrigerator prior to use
-after first use, pen can be stored for 56 days at room temperature or refrigerator
-check flow with each new pen
-during injection, push button until dose counter goes to “0,” then count to “6” before removing pen

19
Q

Rybelsus counseling points

A

-take 30 minutes before first food, beverage, or other oral medications with no more than 4 oz. plain water

20
Q

GLP-1 agonists counseling points

A

-side effects: no appetite, fatigue, diarrhea, upset stomach, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, site irritation, headache, nose or throat irritation, back pain
-call a doctor if you are experiencing neck mass, difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, pancreatitis, gallbladder problems, kidney problems, change in eyesight, hypoglycemia, dizziness or passing out, abnormal heartbeat, mood changes, slurred speech, or an allergic reaction

21
Q

ultra-short acting insulin dosages

A

-type 1: average daily dose is 0.5-0.6 U/kg/day (30%-50% is given as bolus dose)
-type 2: add bolus for patients on ≥ 0.5 units/kg/day; can start with 10% of basal dose or 4-5 units with largest meal

22
Q

ultra-short acting insulin adverse effects

A

-hypoglycemia (if not meal within 15 minutes of dose)
-hyperglycemia/ketosis (if insulin delivery interrupted)

23
Q

ultra-short acting insulin monitoring

A

-increase/decrease dose every 2-4 days until goals are met

24
Q

insulin aspart counseling points

A

-side effects: weight gain, site irritation, nose or throat irritation, common cold symptoms
-call a doctor immediately if experiencing hypokalemia; thick skin, pits, or lumps at injection site; change in skin color at injection site; arm or leg edema; urination pain; hypoglycemia; or an allergic reaction

25
Q

insulin glargine dosages

A

-type 1: average daily dose is 0.5-0.6 U/kg/day (50%-70% is given as basal dose)
-type 2: start with 0.1-0.2 units/kg/day OR 10 units/day; increase dose by 2 units every 3 days to reach FBS goal OR titrate every 2-3 days based on BG level

26
Q

insulin glargine adverse effects

A

-risk of malignancy

27
Q

insulin glargine monitoring

A

-increase/decrease dose every 2-4 days until goals are met

28
Q

insulin glargine counseling points

A

-side effects: shot site irritation, back pain, diarrhea, headache, weight gain, common cold symptoms, nose or throat irritation, flu-like signs, joint pain, arm or leg pain
-call a doctor immediately if experiencing hypokalemia; infection; hypertension; thick skin, pits, or lumps at injection site; arm or leg edema; hypoglycemia; or an allergic reaction

29
Q

insulin lispro counseling points

A

-side effects: weight gain, flu-like symptoms, nose or throat irritation, common cold symptoms, headache, cough, upset stomach, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, site irritation
-call a doctor immediately if experiencing hypokalemia; infection; thick skin, pits, or lumps at injection site; arm or leg edema; hypoglycemia; or an allergic reaction

30
Q

dapagliflozin dosages

A

-5 mg PO QD (eGFR > 45)
-max dose: 10 mg PO QD

31
Q

empagliflozin dosages

A

-10 mg PO QD (eGFR > 30)
-max dose: 25 mg PO QD

32
Q

canagliflozin dosages

A

-100 mg PO QD (eGFR > 60; max dose: 300 mg PO QD)
-100 mg PO QD if no albuminuria (eGFR 30-60)

33
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors adverse effects

A

-UTIs
-genital fungal infections
-increased urination
-hypotension
-hyperkalemia
-increased cholesterol
-diabetic ketoacidosis
-bone fractures and decreased bone mineral density (canagliflozin)
-acute kidney injury (canagliflozin and dapagliflozin)
-increased risk of leg and foot amputations (canagliflozin)

34
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors monitoring

A

-use with caution in patients who have potential for dehydration or hypotension or taking diuretics, NSAIDs, or ACE inhibitors/ARBs (canagliflozin and dapagliflozin)
-preventative foot care and monitor for new pain, tenderness, sores, ulcers, and infections in legs and feet
-use with caution in patients with prior amputations, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, and diabetic foot ulcers
-monitor signs and symptoms of tenderness, redness, or swelling of genitals or area from genitals to back of rectum, and fever, fatigue, and malaise

35
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors counseling points

A

-side effects: nose or throat irritation
-call a doctor immediately if experiencing serious genital infections; fluid and electrolyte problems; kidney problems; ketoacidosis; urinary tract infection; vaginal yeast infection; penis yeast infection; hypoglycemia; new pain or tenderness, sores or ulcers, or infections in legs or feet; bone pain; or an allergic reaction

36
Q

glipizide dosages

A

-starting dose: 2.5-5 mg PO QD
-max dose: 20 mg (Glucotrol XL) or 40 mg (Glucotrol)

37
Q

glipizide adverse effects

A

-hypoglycemia
-weight gain
-GI upset
-leukopenia
-thrombocytopenia
-aplastic anemia
-allergic skin reactions/photosensitivity

38
Q

glipizide monitoring

A

-use with caution in patients with increased risk of hypoglycemia

39
Q

glipizide counseling points

A

-side effects: dizziness, diarrhea, anxiety, flatulence
-call a doctor immediately if experiencing vision changes; slurred speech; tingling; fever, chills, or sore throat; hypoglycemia; or an allergic reaction

40
Q

pioglitazone dosages

A

-initial dose: 15-30 mg PO QD
-max dose: 30-45 mg PO QD

41
Q

pioglitazone adverse effects

A

-hepatotoxicity
-resumption of ovulation
-HF exacerbations
-macular edema
-increased fracture risk

42
Q

pioglitazone monitoring

A

-monitor nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, and dark urine

43
Q

pioglitazone counseling points

A

-side effects: common cold symptoms, headache, sinus pain, sore throat, muscle pain
-call a doctor immediately if experiencing heart failure, bone pain, vision change, pain when urinating, increased urination, edema, hypoglycemia, liver problems, or an allergic reaction

PHRM840 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions