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N182 Chronic Health Problems in Elderly > Diabetes Medication > Flashcards

Diabetes Medication Flashcards

1
Q

action of secretagogues

A

increases insulin secretion from pancreas

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2
Q

2 types of secretagogues

A

sulfonylureas

meglitinidine analogues

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3
Q

3 actions of sulfonylureas

A

stimulates insulin secretion

prevents glycogenolysis

improves insulin sensitivity

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4
Q

action of meglitinide analogues

A

stimulates insulin secretion

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5
Q

type of starch blocker

A

alpha glucosidase inhibitor

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6
Q

2 actions of alpha glucosidase inhibitors

A

slows carbohydrate absorption

slows digestion of starch

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7
Q

2 types of meds that improve insulins effect

A

biguanides

thiazolidinediones

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8
Q

3 actions of biguanides

A

reduces glycogenolysis in the liver

reduces GI glucose absorption

improves insulin sensitivity

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9
Q

3 actions of thiazolidinediones

A

improves insulin sensitivity

reduces hepatic glycogenolysis

decreases appetite

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10
Q

type of incretin mimetic

A

GLP-1 agonist

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11
Q

3 actions of GLP-1 agonists

A

promotes insulin secretion

decreases glucagon

decreases gastric emptying

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12
Q

type of insulin support medication

A

amylin analogues

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13
Q

3 actions of amylin analogues

A

inhibit glucagon release

decrease gastric emptying

decrease hunger and food intake

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14
Q

type of medication that improves the action of incretins

A

DPP-4 Inhibitors

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15
Q

3 actions of DPP4 inhibitors

A

promote insulin secretion

promote glucagon suppression

prolongs incretin actions

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16
Q

type of renal glucose resorption blockers

A

SGLT2 inhibitors

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17
Q

2 actions of SGLT2 inhibitors

A

block resorption of glucose in the kidneys

increases renal excretion of glucose

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18
Q

3 types of rapid acting insulin

A

Humalog

Novalog

Apidra

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19
Q

Rapid acting insulin

onset, peak, duration

A

5-15 minutes

1-1.5 hours

3-5 hours

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20
Q

type of short acting insulin

A

regular

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21
Q

short acting insulin (regular)

onset, peak, duration

A

0.5-1 hour

2-4 hour

5-8 hour

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22
Q

type of intermediate acting insulin

A

NPH

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23
Q

intermediate acting insulin (NPH)

onset, peak, duration

A

2-4 hours

4-10 hours

10-16 hours

24
Q

3 types of long acting insulin

A

Lantus

Levemir

Toujeo

25
Q

onset and duration of Lantus

A

2-4 hours

20-24 hours

26
Q

onset and duration of Toujeo

A

6 hours

24-36 hours

27
Q

onset and duration of Levemir

A

2-4 hours

6-23 hours

28
Q

can reduce A1C by 1-2%

can become less effective as beta cell destruction progresses

A

sulfonylureas

29
Q

must be given before meals

prescribed when sulfonylureas are not effective or when hypoglycemia occurs with them

A

meglitinidine analogues

30
Q

do not have a potent glucose effect

lower post-prandial sugar levels (affect absorption)

A

alpha glucosidase inhibitors

31
Q

first line of treatment for type 2 diabetes and prediabetes

A

biguanides

(ex: metformin)

32
Q

medication type that causes less of a chance of hypoglycemia

used more in geriatric populations

A

DPP4 inhibitors

33
Q

long acting insulin

meets body’s metabolic needs

A

basal insulin

34
Q

prevents post prandial hyperglycemia

A

pre-prandial insulin

35
Q

2 types of pre-prandial insulin

A

regular (short)

NPH (intermediate)

36
Q

prevents post-prandial hyperglycemia

shoot and eat

37
Q

3 types of prandial insulin

A

humalog

novalog

apidra

38
Q

order of absorption speeds for injections

A

abdomen

arm

thigh

buttocks

39
Q

order of mixing insulins

A

shorter acting first, then longer

(first clear, then cloudy)

40
Q

lipodystrophy

A

degenerative changes to adipose tissue

41
Q

lipoatrophy

A

small depression develops under skin

42
Q

lipohypertrophy

A

raised area in skin

seen when injection is given in the same site over a long period of time

43
Q

somogyi effect

A

low blood glucose in the evening causes a rebound effect in the body

causes hyperglycemia in the early morning

seen with long acting insulin

44
Q

dawn phenomenon

A

normal nighttime BGL

hyperglycemia in the AM

45
Q

how to prevent dawn phenomenon

A

excercise later in the day

limit carbs before bed

adjust insulin

46
Q

how to prevent somogyi effect

A

high carb snack before bed

check BGL in middle of night

adjust insulin dose

47
Q

amount of insulin needed for 24 hour period

A

0.5-0.7 units per kg

48
Q

amount of insulin needed in 24 hour period if patient is 150% of normal body weight

A

1.5-2 units/kg

49
Q

5 goals of nutrition therapy

A

portion sizes

nutrient dense foods

low glycemic index

reduce calories, sodium, fatty red meats

limit alcohol

50
Q

recommendation of protein per day

A

15-20% of calories

51
Q

how much protein per day should someone with nephropathy eat

52
Q

recommendation of fats per day

A

20-30%

type is more important than the amount (Omega 3)

53
Q

recommendation of sodium per day

A

2,300mg

(salt substitute not recommended)

54
Q

recommendation of fiber per day

55
Q

Can help rapid alleviate the increase of post-prandial BGL

56
Q

_____ can occur after exercise

A

hypoglycemia

N182 Chronic Health Problems in Elderly (2 decks)

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