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NUCO 2130 > Diabetes management > Flashcards

Diabetes management Flashcards

1
Q

Beta cells produces and are from

A

insulin and pancreas

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2
Q

Type 1 diabetes , AKA

A

beta cells produces little or no insulin properly (Juvenile diabetes or Insulin-depndent diabetes

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3
Q

What is the peak age for type 1 diabetes diagnoses?

A

14 years old

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4
Q

Type 2 diabetes (insulin deficiency)

A

insulin deficiency , pancreas not producing enough insulin

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5
Q

Type 2 diabestes, insulin resistance

A

Fat, liver and muscle cell don’t use insulin properly

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6
Q

The nurse is teaching group of students about the characteristics of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following describe the underlying cause of the disease?

A

Destruction of pancreatic beta cells

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7
Q

Which type of diabetes is controlled primarily through diet, exercise, and oral antidiabetic agents?

A

Type 2 diabetes

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8
Q

Which of the following persons would most likely be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus? A 44-year-old:

A

African-American woman

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9
Q

Glucagon

and when is normally glucagon activated

A

Converting amino-acids into glucose (gluconeogenesis)

hypoglycemic patients

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10
Q

Which hormone produces glucagon

A

alpha cells

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11
Q

Prior to discharge, the nurse performs discharge teaching for a patient admitted with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. The patient asks for more information about the purpose of glucagon. Which is the best response by the nurse?

A

“You take glucagon if you’ve had too much insulin or are severely hypoglycemic.”

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12
Q

Diagnosing diabetes through blood glucose reading

A

Regardless of when you last ate
>200 mg/dl : diabetes
More than 200 mg/dl is considered diabetic

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13
Q

Fasting plasma glucose test (FPG) results for diabetics (taken after overnight fasting)

A

126 mg/dl or greater

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14
Q

Fasting plasma glucose test (FPG) results for pre diabetes and normal range (taken after overnight fasting)

A

125 mg/dl to 100 mg/dl

less than 100 mg/dl

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15
Q

hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c) test ae for

A

average blood glucose level for the past two to three moths (percentage of blood glucose attached to Hb

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16
Q

normal range for HBA1c test

A

<5.7%

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17
Q

pre diabetes range for HbA1c test

A

between 5.7 and 6.4%

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18
Q

diabetes range for HbA1c test

A

> 6.5%

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19
Q

Oral glucose tolerance test range for fasting range

A

60-100 mg/dl

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20
Q

oral glucose tolerance test reading for 1 hour of drinking a sugar liquid

A

less than 200 mg/dl

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21
Q

oral glucose tolerance test reading after 2 hours of drinking a sugary liquid and what is diabetic

A

less than 140 mg/dl (>200 mg/dl: diabetes)

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22
Q

oral glucose tolerance test measures and what is done after fasting

A

a blood glucose level after an overnight fast

drink a sugary drink of 75 mg of glucose and test 1 hour, 2 hours after

23
Q

Blood sugar is well controlled when Hemoglobin A1C is:

A

below 7%

24
Q

complications of diabetes (small blood vessel damage can contribute to ) (microvascular complications

A

blindess and kidney diseases

25
Q

Complications of diabetes for Neve damage (neuropathy)

A

feet and hands , heart and circulation ,

stomach, bladder and sex organs

26
Q

Blood becomes more ____ and this leads to circulation disruption to places like feet/hands

A

sticky

27
Q

Damage to vagal nerves in stomach can gauge things like

A

nausea, vomiting, constipation

28
Q

what are ways we can self manage diabetes

A

monitoring blood glucose, taking medication, following a meal plan, getting regular exercise

29
Q

Safe physical active for diabetes includes

A

test blood glucose before and after active , war the right shoes and socks. always warm u and cool down

30
Q

diabetes foot care

A

always inspect wash, dry , moisturize

31
Q

when cutting nails for diabetes patients

A

cut straight across rather than in a curved fashion to help prevent in grown toe nails
also don’t cut too short

32
Q

normal range after meals for a blood glucose

A

70-120 mg/dl

33
Q

range of blood glucose for hypoglycemia patients

A

BGL <70 mg/dl

34
Q

range of blood glucose for hyperglycemia patients

A

BGL >120 mg/dl

35
Q

how much to drink in grams of fast acing low-fat carbohydrate when hypoglycemic

A

15

36
Q

Hyperglycemic symptoms include

A

polyphasic, polydipisia , polyuria

37
Q

polyphagia

A

frequent hunger

38
Q

polydipsia

A

frequent thirst

39
Q

polyuria

A

increased volume of urination

40
Q

nursing diagnoses for diabetics. pos ,

A

risk for unstable blood glucose, risk for infection, risk for disturbed sensory preception

41
Q

Insulin : Regular and examples

A

short-acting insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R)

42
Q

insulin, NPH and examples

A

intermediate acting insulin (Humulin N, Novolin N)

43
Q

The blood glucose of a patient who is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose level of 340 mg/dL. Which type of insulin prescribed for the patient is appropriate to administer at this time?

A
  1. Regular
44
Q

An external insulin pump is prescribed for a client with diabetes mellitus and the client asks the nurse about the functioning of the pump. The nurse bases the response on the information that the pump:

A

gives a small continuously dose of regular insulin subcutaneously, and the client can self-administer a bolus with an additional dose form the pump before each meal

45
Q

**Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) complications of hyper glycemic highlights

A

Glucose can’t enter cells for energy

Body begins to break down fat for energy

46
Q

when people misses their insulin treatment it causes cells to get energy from

A

fat and the wast products are ketones

47
Q

ketones can be present in

A

urine (ketonuria) and breath (fruity breath)

48
Q

common symptoms of DKA are

A

fruity smelling breath, abdominal pain and a flushed face

49
Q

common factors affecting DKA

A

type 1 diabetes and ones under age of 19

50
Q

as much as how many missed insulin can con lead to DKA

A

1 or serial insulin misses

51
Q

A client is brought to the emergency room in an unresponsive state, and a diagnosis of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome is made. The nurse would immediately prepare to initiate which of the following anticipated physician’s orders?

A

intravenous infusion of normal saline

52
Q

Nonketotic syndrome is common in which type of diabetes

A

type 2

53
Q

do you need to fast for H1ABC test?

A

no

NUCO 2130 (2 decks)

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