Diabetes Lecture Flashcards
Which type of diabetes mellitus characteristically has no insulin production / patients are insulin dependent?
Type 1
Which type of diabetes mellitus characteristically has some insulin production and is treated with oral hypoglycmics and insulin?
Type 2
What is a normal non-diabetic fasting glucose range?
70-99
A hemoglobin A1C below 5% is indicative of:
Normal / no diabetes
A hemoglobin A1C of 5.7-6.4% is indicative of:
Prediabetes
A hemoglobin A1C of 6.5% or greater is indicative of:
Diabetes
Glucose lower than ___ is hypoglycemia and higher than ____ is hyperglycemia.
60 / 250
Signs of hypoglycemia:
Nervousness, tremors, cold/clammy, diaphoretic, confusion/slurred speech, seizures/coma, death
Signs of hyperglycemia:
Thirsty, polyuria, fruity breath, kussmauls breathing, rapid pulse, dry mucous membranes
What’s an easy way to remember the difference between hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia?
Cold and clammy, need some candy
High and dry, sugar’s high
When is less insulin required?
With exercise
When is more insulin required?
Fever, infection, illness or stress
What are the onset, peak and duration of RAPID acting insulin?
10-30 / 30-90 / 1.5-5
What are the onset, peak and duration of SHORT acting insulin?
30 / 1.5-3.5 / 4-12
What are the onset, peak and duration of INTERMEDIATE acting insulin?
1.5 / 4-12 / 14-24
What are the onset, peak and duration of LONG acting insulin?
1-2 / 0-12 / 24-42
Which insulins are clear / cloudy?
Rapid and short are clear. Intermediate is cloudy. Long-acting could be clear or cloudy.
RAPID insulin is AKA ____ and is given ___.
Lispro, humalog, insulin aspart. Given with meals
SHORT ACTING insulin is AKA ____ and is given ___.
Regular insulin, humulin R, novolin R. Given 30-60 mins before meals.
INTERMEDIATE ACTING insulin is AKA ____.
Insulin isophane, NPH, humulin N, novolin N.
LONG-ACTING insulin is AKA ____ and is given ___.
Insulin glargine, lantus (no peak) or insulin detemir (peak: 6-8 hrs). Normally given at bedtime.
Name combination insulins (3)
Humulin 70/30
Insulin Isophane NPH 50/50
Humalog 75/25
4 medications that interact with insulin by INCREASING glucose
Thiazide diuretics, glucocorticoids, thyroid agents, estrogens
4 medications that interact with insulin by DECREASING glucose
Tricyclic antidepressants, MAOIs, aspirin products, oral anticoagulants
How should you mix regular and NPH insulin?
Regular (clear) then intermediate (cloudy)
What is the only oral medication that can be used for both types of DM?
Pramlintide
Which oral diabetic meds are contraindicated in class 3 and 4 heart failure due to dose-related fluid retention?
Thiazolinediones
