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Endocrine > Diabetes Drugs > Flashcards

Diabetes Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism of insulin therapy?

A

direct replacement for endogenous insulin

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2
Q

how is insulin administered?

A

subcutaneously

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3
Q

side effects of insulin?

A

hypocalcaemia
weight gain
lipodystrophy

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4
Q

indications for insulin therapy?

A

everyone with type 1

some with poorly controlled type 2

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5
Q

mechanism of metformin?

A

increases insulin sensitivity

decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis

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6
Q

how is metformin administered?

A

oral

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7
Q

side effects of metformin?

A

GI upset

lactic acidosis

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8
Q

indications for metformin?

A

first line in type 2

cant be used inpatients with eGFR <30

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9
Q

mechanism of sulphonylureas (SURs)?

A

stimulate pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin

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10
Q

how are SURs administered?

A

orally

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11
Q

side effects of SURs?

A

hypoglycaemia
weight gain
hyponatraemia

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12
Q

examples of SURs?

A

gliclazide

glimepiride

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13
Q

mechanism of thiazolidinediones (glitazones)?

A

activate PPAR-gamma receptor in adipocytes to promote adipogenesis and fatty acid uptake

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14
Q

how are glitazone administered?

A

orally

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15
Q

side effects of glitazones?

A

weight gain

fluid retention

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16
Q

examples of thiazolidinediones?

A

pioglitazone

17
Q

mechanism of DPP-4 inhibitors (gliptins)?

A

increases incretin levels which inhibits glucagon secretion

18
Q

how are DPP-4 inhibitors administered?

A

orally

19
Q

side effect of DPP-4 inhibitors?

A

increased pancreatitis risk

20
Q

mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

inhibits reabsorption of glucose in the kidney

21
Q

how are SGLT2 inhibitors administered?

A

orally

22
Q

side effect of SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

UTI
(as passing a lot of glucose in urine)
weight loss

23
Q

mechanism of GLP-1 agonists?

A

incretin mimetic which inhibits glucagon secretion

24
Q

how are GLP-1 agonists administered?

A

subcutaneously

25
Q

side effects of GLP-1 agonists?

A

nausea
vomiting
pancreatitis
weight loss

Endocrine (45 decks)

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