Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endo/Repro > Diabetes Drugs > Flashcards

Diabetes Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

NPH (Neutral Protamin Hagedorn, Isophane) Insulin

A

Intermediate acting insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rapid Acting Insulins (3)

A

Insulin Lispro
Insulin Aspart
Insulin Glulisine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Long acting Insulins (3)

A

Glargine
Detemir
Degludec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Inhalable Insulin (1)

A

Afrezza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Indications for insulin (diseases to use for)

A
  • ß-cell failure: type I DM, pancreatitis, post-pancreatectomy
  • type II DM after other meds fail
  • Gestational DM
  • Unstable diabetes- DKA, non-ketotic coma, hyperglycemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Insulin side effects & drug interactions (3)

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • para/sympathetic activity (GI, tachycardia, sweating, trembling, confusion, coma, convulsions)
  • Weight gain
  • Insulin allergy (rare)

Drugs:

  • glucocorticoids
  • oral contraceptives
  • ß agonists/antagonists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

10 diabetes med classes

A

1) Insulin secretagogues (
- sulfonylureas: glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride
- meglitinides (repaglinide, netaglinide)

2) Biguanides (metformin)
3) GLP-1 agonists (exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide)
4) DPP-4 Inhibitors (sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin)
5) SGLT2 Inhibitors (Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin)
6) Amylin agonists (pramlintide)
7) Thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone)
8) å-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose, miglitol)
9) Bile Acid Binding Resins (Colesevelam)
10) Dopamine Receptor agonists (Bromocriptine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Metformin (class, mechanism, use, side effects)

A

Class: Biguanide
Mechanism: decrease hepatic glucose output- anti-hyperglycemic but not hypoglycemic
Use: first line t2 DM
Side effects: GI disturbance, decreased B12 absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sulfonylureas (drugs, mechanism, use, side effects, drug interactions)

A

Mechanism: block K+ channel to cause ß-cell depolarization and insulin release
Drugs: glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride (gl-)
Use: T2 DM (need functional ß-cells)
Side effects: weight gain, hypoglycemia
Drug interactions: CYP3A4 inducers (barbiturates, rifampin) and glucocorticoids, oral contraceptives, thiazides, phenytoin, ß-agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Glyburide (class, mechanism, use, side effects, drug interactions)

A

Class: Sulfonylurea (insulin secretagogue)
Mechanism: block K+ channel to cause ß-cell depolarization and insulin release
Use: T2 DM (need functional ß-cells)
Side effects: weight gain, hypoglycemia
Drug interactions: CYP3A4 inducers (barbiturates, rifampin) and glucocorticoids, oral contraceptives, thiazides, phenytoin, ß-agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glipizide (class, mechanism, use, side effects, drug interactions)

A

Class: Sulfonylurea (insulin secretagogue)
Mechanism: block K+ channel to cause ß-cell depolarization and insulin release
Use: T2 DM (need functional ß-cells)
Side effects: weight gain, hypoglycemia
Drug interactions: CYP3A4 inducers (barbiturates, rifampin) and glucocorticoids, oral contraceptives, thiazides, phenytoin, ß-agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glimepiride (class, mechanism, use, side effects, drug interactions)

A

Class: Sulfonylurea (insulin secretagogue)
Mechanism: block K+ channel to cause ß-cell depolarization and insulin release
Use: T2 DM (need functional ß-cells)
Side effects: weight gain, hypoglycemia
Drug interactions: CYP3A4 inducers (barbiturates, rifampin) and glucocorticoids, oral contraceptives, thiazides, phenytoin, ß-agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Meglitinides (class, drugs, mechanism, side effects)

A

Class: insulin secretagogue
Mechanism: block K+ channel to cause ß-cell depolarization and insulin release (same as sulfonylureas but unrelated structure)
Drugs: repaglinide, nateglinide (-glinide)
Use: reduce postprandial hyperglycemia, take with meals
Side effects: weight gain, hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nateglinide (class, mechanism, use, side effects, drug interactions)

A

Class: insulin secretagogue (meglitinides)
Mechanism: block K+ channel to cause ß-cell depolarization and insulin release (same as sulfonylureas but unrelated structure)
Use: reduce postprandial hyperglycemia, take with meals
Side effects: weight gain, hypoglycemia
Drug interactions:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Repaglinide (class, mechanism, use, side effects, drug interactions)

A

Class: insulin secretagogue (meglitinides)
Mechanism: block K+ channel to cause ß-cell depolarization and insulin release (same as sulfonylureas but unrelated structure)
Use: reduce postprandial hyperglycemia, take with meals
Side effects: weight gain, hypoglycemia
Drug interactions:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

SGL2 Inhibitors (Drugs, mechanism, uses, side effects)

A

Drugs: canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin (-gliflozins)
Mechanism: inhibit kidney SGLT2, reducing glucose reabsorption, so excrete glucose in urine
Use: t2DM, not in ppl with renal impairment
Side effects: increase DKA risk, yeast infection, UTI, orthostatic HTN (due to osmotic diuresis–>HTN) and dizziness/fainting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Canagliflozin (Class, mechanism, uses, side effects)

A

Class: SGLT-2 Inhibitors
Mechanism: inhibit kidney SGLT2, reducing glucose reabsorption, so excrete glucose in urine
Use: t2DM, not in ppl with renal impairment
Side effects: increase DKA risk, yeast infection, UTI, orthostatic HTN (due to osmotic diuresis–>HTN) and dizziness/fainting

18
Q

Dapagliflozin (Class, mechanism, uses, side effects)

A

Class: SGLT-2 Inhibitors
Mechanism: inhibit kidney SGLT2, reducing glucose reabsorption, so excrete glucose in urine
Use: t2DM, not in ppl with renal impairment
Side effects: increase DKA risk, yeast infection, UTI, orthostatic HTN (due to osmotic diuresis–>HTN) and dizziness/fainting

19
Q

Dapagliflozin (Class, mechanism, uses, side effects)

A

Class: SGLT-2 Inhibitors
Mechanism: inhibit kidney SGLT2, reducing glucose reabsorption, so excrete glucose in urine
Use: t2DM, not in ppl with renal impairment
Side effects: increase DKA risk, yeast infection, UTI, orthostatic HTN (due to osmotic diuresis–>HTN) and dizziness/fainting

20
Q

GLP-1 Agonists (Drugs, mechanism, use, side effects)

A

Drugs: Exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide (-natides and -glutides)
Mechanism: incretin released after meals that stimulates insulin secretion, inhibits appetite and glucagon
Use: t2DM
Side effects: GI

21
Q

Exenatide (Class, mechanism, use, side effects)

A

Class: GLP-1 Agonist
Mechanism: incretin released after meals that stimulates insulin secretion, inhibits appetite and glucagon
Use: t2DM
Side effects: GI

22
Q

Liraglutide (Class, mechanism, use, side effects)

A

Class: GLP-1 Agonist
Mechanism: incretin released after meals that stimulates insulin secretion, inhibits appetite and glucagon
Use: t2DM
Side effects: GI

23
Q

Lixisenatide (Class, mechanism, use, side effects)

A

Class: GLP-1 Agonist
Mechanism: incretin released after meals that stimulates insulin secretion, inhibits appetite and glucagon
Use: t2DM
Side effects: GI

24
Q

Dulaglutide (Class, mechanism, use, side effects)

A

Class: GLP-1 Agonist
Mechanism: incretin released after meals that stimulates insulin secretion, inhibits appetite and glucagon
Use: t2DM
Side effects: GI

25
Q

Albiglutide (Class, mechanism, use, side effects)

A

Class: GLP-1 Agonist
Mechanism: incretin released after meals that stimulates insulin secretion, inhibits appetite and glucagon
Use: t2DM
Side effects: GI

26
Q

DPP-4 Inhibitors (drugs, mechanism, use, drug interaction)

A

Drugs: sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin (-gliptins)
Mechanism: inhibit DPP-4, increasing GLP-1, increasing insulin secretion, decreases glucagon and appetite
Use: t2DM
Drug interaction: CYP3A4

27
Q

Sitagliptin (Class, mechanism, use, drug interaction)

A

Class: DPP-4 inhibitor
Mechanism: inhibit DPP-4, increasing GLP-1, increasing insulin secretion, decreases glucagon and appetite
Use: t2DM
Drug interaction: CYP3A4

28
Q

Saxagliptin (Class, mechanism, use, drug interaction)

A

Class: DPP-4 inhibitor
Mechanism: inhibit DPP-4, increasing GLP-1, increasing insulin secretion, decreases glucagon and appetite
Use: t2DM
Drug interaction: CYP3A4

29
Q

Linagliptin (Class, mechanism, use, drug interaction)

A

Class: DPP-4 inhibitor
Mechanism: inhibit DPP-4, increasing GLP-1, increasing insulin secretion, decreases glucagon and appetite
Use: t2DM
Drug interaction: CYP3A4

30
Q

Alogliptin (Class, mechanism, use, drug interaction)

A

Class: DPP-4 inhibitor
Mechanism: inhibit DPP-4, increasing GLP-1, increasing insulin secretion, decreases glucagon and appetite
Use: t2DM
Drug interaction: CYP3A4

31
Q

Thiazolidinediones (drugs, mechanism, use, side effects, drug interactions)

A

Drugs: pioglitazone, rosiglitazone (-glitazones)
Mechanism: causes redistribution of fat from abdominal/skeletal muscle/liver, reducing insulin resistance and hepatic gluconeogenesis
Use: t2DM
Side effects: weight gain, anemia, cholesterol/triglycerides, liver damage
Drug interactions: CYP3A4, oral contraceptives

32
Q

Pioglitazone (class, mechanism, use, side effects, drug interactions)

A

Class: thiazolidinediones
Mechanism: causes redistribution of fat from abdominal/skeletal muscle/liver, reducing insulin resistance and hepatic gluconeogenesis
Use: t2DM
Side effects: weight gain, anemia, cholesterol/triglycerides, liver damage
Drug interactions: CYP3A4, oral contraceptives

33
Q

Rosiglitazone (class, mechanism, use, side effects, drug interactions)

A

Class: thiazolidinediones
Mechanism: causes redistribution of fat from abdominal/skeletal muscle/liver, reducing insulin resistance and hepatic gluconeogenesis
Use: t2DM
Side effects: weight gain, anemia, cholesterol/triglycerides, liver damage
Drug interactions: CYP3A4, oral contraceptives

34
Q

Å-glucosidase inhibitors (Drugs, mechanism, use, side effects)

A

Drugs: acarbose, miglitol
Mechanism: competitive inhibitors of intestinal å-glucosidase, which digest starches/dissacharides–>monosaccharides, thus decreasing postprandial glucose rise.
Use:
Side effects: GI (GAS, diarrhea, abdominal pain), dont use if GI disease

35
Q

Acarbose (Class, mechanism, use, side effects)

A

Class: Å-glucosidase inhibitors
Mechanism: competitive inhibitors of intestinal å-glucosidase, which digest starches/dissacharides–>monosaccharides, thus decreasing postprandial glucose rise.
Use:
Side effects: GI (GAS, diarrhea, abdominal pain), dont use if GI disease

36
Q

Miglitol (Class, mechanism, use, side effects)

A

Class: Å-glucosidase inhibitors
Mechanism: competitive inhibitors of intestinal å-glucosidase, which digest starches/dissacharides–>monosaccharides, thus decreasing postprandial glucose rise.
Use:
Side effects: GI (GAS, diarrhea, abdominal pain), dont use if GI disease

37
Q

Amyline agonists (Drugs, mechanism, use, side effects, drug interactions)

A

Drugs: Pramlintide
Mechanism: Amylin agonists slows gastric emptying/increase satiety/suppress postrandial glucagon
Use: t1/2DM second line drug
Side effects: nausea, hypoglycemia.
Drug interactions: anything affecting GI motility

38
Q

Pramlintide (Class, mechanism, use, side effects, drug interactions)

A

Class: Amylin agonist
Mechanism: Amylin agonists slows gastric emptying/increase satiety/suppress postrandial glucagon
Use: t1/2DM second line drug
Side effects: nausea, hypoglycemia.
Drug interactions: anything affecting GI motility

39
Q

Bile Acid Resins (drugs, mechanism, use, side effects, drug interactions)

A

Drugs: Colesevelam
Mechanism: hypercholesterolemia drug repurposed, unclear
Use:
Side effects: GI, increase triglycerides
Drug interaction: interferes with some drug absorptions

40
Q

Colesevelam (Class, mechanism, use, side effects, drug interactions)

A

Class: bile acid binding resin
Mechanism: hypercholesterolemia drug repurposed, unclear
Use:
Side effects: GI, increase triglycerides
Drug interaction: interferes with some drug absorptions

41
Q

Dopamine Receptor agonist (Drug, mechanism, use, side effects)

A

Drug: bromocriptine
Mechanism: Used for parkinsons and hyperprolactinemia, dopamine agonist

Endo/Repro (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions