Diabetes Drugs Flashcards
Metformin Class MOA TU Tox
class: biguanides
MOA: inhibits gluconeogenesis, increases insulin sensitivity by increasing TK activity, decrease uptake of gluconeogenic substrates ie lactate
TU: pts w/ and w/o islet function
Tox: lactic acidosis (esp impaired renal function and w/ IV CT contrast), GI
Glimepiride Class MOA TU Tox
class: sulfonylureas
MOA: bind and close K+ channels in β-cells, depol –> insulin release
TU: requires islet function
Tox: hypoglycemia and weight gain
Exenatide
Class
MOA
PK
class: GLP-1 (incretin) analogue
MOA: stimulates insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion, decrease gastric emptying, increase satiety
PK: Sub-Q, peptides not orally available
Sitagliptin
Class
MOA
class: DPP-4 inhibitor
MOA: inhibit DPP-4, normally degrades GLP-1 –> increases insulin secretion
Repaglinide Class MOA TU Tox
class: meglitinides
MOA: blocks K+ channels, insulin release
TU: T2D combined w/ metformin
Tox: hypoglycemia, esp in renal failure
Nateglinide Class MOA TU Tox
class: meglitinides
MOA: blocks K+ channels, insulin release
TU: T2D combined w/ metformin
Tox: hypoglycemia, esp in renal failure
Acarbose Class MOA TU Tox
class: α-glucosidase inhibitor
MOA: inhibit brush border α-glucosidases, interferes w/ disaccharide and complex carb metabolism
TU: T2D
Tox: GI
Pramlintide Class MOA TU Tox
class: amylin analogue
MOA: decrease gastric emptying, decreases glucagon
TU: T1D and T2D
Tox: hypoglycemia
Pioglitazone Class MOA TU Tox
class: glitazones
MOA: increase insulin sensitivity, binds PPAR-γ nuclear receptor regulator
TU: T2D
Tox: hepatotox, increased fracture risk, okay to use in renal compromised patients
Rosiglitazone Class MOA TU Tox
class: glitazones
MOA: increase insulin sensitivity, binds PPAR-γ nuclear receptor regulator
TU: T2D
Tox: hepatotox, increased fracture risk, okay to use in renal compromised patients
2 drug classes that block the K+ channel on pancreatic β-cells
meglitinides: repaglinide, nateglinide
sulfonylureas: glimepiride
