Diabetes Drugs Flashcards
How does Metformin work?
Increases insulin sensitivity and decreases gluconeogenesis
Increasing peripheral sensitivity to insulin by encouraging peripheral glucose uptake
What is the first line Diabetes drug?
Metformin
What are some side effects of Metformin?
GI symptoms ( pain, nausea, diarrhoea) - try modified release instead
Lactic Acidosis ( should be stopped in AKI as will accumulate and cause this)
NO HYPOS
What are some examples of SGLT-2 inhibitors?
Dapagliflozin
Empaglizflozin
How do SGLT-2 inhibitors work?
Blocks SGLT-2 channel in proximal tubule of kidneys, prevents glucose reabsorption into blood, excreted into urine.
What are some side effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors?
UTIs
Thrush
Increased urine output
Weight loss
DKA
Fournier’s Gangrene
Can cause HYPOS with insulin or sulfonylureas
How does Pioglitazone work?
Acts at PPAR-y receptors to enhance the action of insulin
What are some side effects of Pioglitazone?
Weight gain
Heart failure ( can cause fluid retention)
Osteoporosis
A small increase in the risk of bladder cancer
NO HYPOS
What is an example of a Sulphonylurea?
Gliclazide
How do Sulphonylureas work?
Enhance the release of insulin by pancreatic islet cells by inhibiting potassium channels and subsequent repolarisation, thereby facilitating action potentials which cause the release of insulin
What are some side effects of Sulphonylureas?
Weight gain
Hypos
What is an example of a DDP-4 inhibitor?
Sitagliptin
How do DDP-4 inhibitors work?
Block the action of DPP-4, allowing increased incretin activity. Incretins are hormones that
-Increase insulin secretion
-Inhibit glucagon production
-Slow absorption by the gastrointestinal tract
What are some side effects of DDP-4 inhibitors?
Headache
Acute Pancreatitis
What are examples of a GLP-1 mimetic?
Semaglutide
Liraglutide
Given SC
