diabetes drug

Question 1

ultra quick analogues

Answer 1

lispro, aspart and glulisine

Question 2

short, rapid acting

Answer 2

insulin

Question 3

intermediate

Answer 3

neutral protamine hagedorn- hpa or so called isophase, or NP-aspart or NP-lispro

Question 4

long acting

Answer 4

detemir, glargine, degludec

Question 5

sulfynlurea

Answer 5

first generation-0
Second generation- glibenclamide, gliburide, glipizide, gliquidone, glimepiride, gliclazide

Adverse- hypo, tolerance, weight gain, appetitie increased, tolerance, hepatotoxic, allergy, gi.

Question 6

glinides-

Answer 6

repaglinide, nateglinid-
shorter duration and quicker onset.
less adverse

Question 7

biguanides

Answer 7

metformin and buformine (withdrawn)

1. amp protein kinase-> gluconeogenesis reduced.
2. uptake from GI reduced.
3. insulin resistence reduced.
4. lipid profile better.

adverse- lactic acidosis and persistent gi symtpoms

Question 8

thiazolidendiones/ glitazone

Answer 8

pioglitazone and rosiglitazone (withdrawn).
moa: ppargamma -increase glucose, lipid uptake and synthesis of fatty acid.
2. reduced resistnce.
takes 1-2 months to work
adverse- weight gain and fluid retention and increased mi risk (rosiglitazone)

Question 9

DDP4 inhibitors

Answer 9

saxagliptine, vildagliptine, sitagliptine and linagliptine.

Question 10

incretin analogues

Answer 10

lirgutide and exenatide
Given parentally
necrotizing hemorrhagic pancreatitis

Question 11

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 11

acarbose and miglitol

Question 12

SGLT-2 inhibitors

Answer 12

dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin

Question 13

other less important drugs

Answer 13

colesevelam
bromocriptine
benfotiamine
thioctic acid
pramlintide