Diabetes Case Study Flashcards
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by _____ and ____.
hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia
What is the difference between type one and type two diabetes?
type 1: cant produce insulin, usually autoimmune
type 2: insulin resistance, obesity
which type of diabetic assisted with ketoacidosis?
type 1 (body thinks its starving so using ketoacids for fuel)
What fuels are mobilized in someone with untreated type 1 Diabetes mellitus?
glucose, FA, ketone bodies, amino acids
If insulin is absent or ineffective, what will happen to glucagon levels in the blood?
uncontrolled glucagon levels
Glucagon Promotes Fuel Mobilization by
- Increasing glycogenolysis
(liver) - Increasing gluconeogenesis
(liver). - Increasing lipolysis in
adipose in concert with low
insulin
Impaired glucose uptake with
diabetes means what for blood glucose absorption?
takes longer for blood glucose to decrease after meal
what is glucagon’s effect on muscle?
no effect
what effect does epinephrine have on fuel metabolism?
- Increase lipolysis (adipose)
- Increase gluconeogenesis
and glycogenolysis (liver). - Increase glycogenolysis
(muscle) - Increase glycolysis (muscle)
- Stimulate glucagon release.
- Inhibit insulin release.
The energy needed to make new glucose in the liver is
provided primarily by oxidation of which fuel?
fatty acids
Glucocorticoids: Released in
response to what?
stress and acute hypoglycemia
Blood levels of which fuels will be elevated in response to
elevated glucocorticoids?
glucose, FA, amino acids
How does glucocorticoids promote fuel metabolism?
- Increase lipolysis (adipose)
- Increase gluconeogenesis and
glycogen synthesis (liver). - Stimulate proteolysis and
release of amino acids
(muscle). - Decrease glucose uptake
(muscle)
Uncontrolled DM1 has what effect on glucose:
*________ glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
* *_______ glucose uptake (GLUT4, glycolysis)
Increased
decreased
Uncontrolled DM1 has what effect on lipid catabolism:
*____ Lipid Catabolism
* *____ breakdown of triglycerides in adipocytes due to
increased activity of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL).
* *_____ in β-oxidation (FFAs, Malonyl CoA, CPT1)
* *____ Ketone Bodies (increased liver Acetyl-CoA)
increased
Uncontrolled DM1 has what effect on lipoproteins like VLDL and chylomicrons?
INCREASES
Insulin promotes ______ synthesis. In its absence, _____
breakdown predominates
protein, protein
when theres low blood glucose and insulin glut 4 transporters are where?
inside the cell (so cell is taking up less glucose)
In type I diabetes, _______ results from increased hepatic gluconeogenesis and decreased glucose uptake from periperal tissues
Hyperglycemia
in type 1 diabetes, Chylomicrons and VLDL accumulate due to decreased activity of _______
lipoprotein lipase
during type one diabetes, Increased fatty acids in the blood result from Increased activity of
__________
Hormone Sensitive Lipase
during type one diabeties, Ketosis results from massive mobilization of fatty acids from adipose followed by ________
hepatic ketogenesis
Liver mitochondria synthesize ketone bodies when ________ builds up.
Acetyl CoA
Liver mitochondria synthesize ________ when Acetyl CoA
builds up
ketone bodies
