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DG2013 - Day 7 > Diabetes and Periodontal Disease > Flashcards

Diabetes and Periodontal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

How is the risk of periodontal disease impacted in diabetic patients?

A

The risk of periodontitis is increased by 3x in diabetic individuals

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2
Q

What role to AGE’s play in diabetic complications?

A

They alter functions of the extracellular matrix and affect collagen stability and vascular integrity

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3
Q

What does HbA1c refer to?

What is the correlation of HbA1 levels with diabetes?

A

Glycated haemoglobin which identifies average plasma glucose concentration

The higher the HbA1c levels, the greater the risk of developing diabetes-related complications

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4
Q

What is significant about the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes?

What is an important determinant in this relationship?

A

It is a bi-directional process

Glycaemic control

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5
Q

How does periodontal treatment affect inflammation?

A

Periodontal treatment may reduce inflammation locally and also decrease serum levels of inflammatory mediators that cause insulin resistance therefore, positively affecting glycaemic control

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6
Q

What is Guided Biofilm Therapy (GBT)?

A

Guided Biofilm Therapy uses low-abrasive powders in an air polishing device and is performed prior to the instrumentation of hard deposits

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7
Q

Give 4 benefits of GBT:

A
  1. Safe and effective
  2. Superior cleaning
  3. Comfortable and time saving treatment
  4. Greater recalls
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8
Q

What is a commonly used powder in air polishing and why is it beneficial?

What is another more recent example?

A

Glycine which is a naturally occurring, water soluble amino acid

It provides less surface damage on restorative materials and tooth surfaces due to its smaller particle size

Erythritol powder - even smaller particles

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9
Q

Why are peri-implant tissues more susceptible for inflammatory disease than periodontal tissues?

A

Due to the reduced vascularization and parallel orientation of the collagen fibres

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10
Q

What is one of the main aims of peri-implant therapy?

A

To detoxify the contaminated implant surface

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11
Q

What are glycine and erythritol powder specifically designed for?

A

Sub-gingival air polishing

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12
Q

What is sodium bicarbonate powder use exclusive for?

A

Supragingival air polishing and is predominantly for stain removal

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13
Q

Can air polishing alone be used to remove calculus?

A

No - air polishing should be used prior to and in conjunction with RSI and hand scaling

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14
Q

What are 3 medical contra-indications for periodontal surgery?

A
  1. Anticoagulant therapy/bleeding disorders
  2. Diabetes
  3. Recent acute episode e.g. MI
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15
Q

List 5 methods used for periodontal surgery:

A
  1. Closed debridement (NSPT)
  2. Gingivectomy
  3. Flap surgery
  4. Bone graft
  5. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR)
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16
Q

What are the 3 flap designs used in periodontal surgery?

A
  1. Replaced flap e.g. Kirkland flap
  2. Repositioned e.g. apically repositioned flap
  3. Resected e.g. indirect flap
17
Q

What is a Coe Pack?

A

A periodontal surgical dressing

18
Q

List 3 factors which must be considered when planning a root resection:

A
  1. Root trunk length
  2. Root bone support
  3. Access for oral hygiene
19
Q

Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages for root resection:

A

Advantages:
1. Maintain occlusion
2. Avoid extraction

Disadvantages:
1. Expensive
2. Time consuming

20
Q

What technique is used for open debridement periodontal surgery?

A

“Open, clean & close”

21
Q

Give 3 examples of grafting techniques:

A
  1. Autogenous bone grafts
  2. Xenogeneic grafts
  3. Alloplastic grafts
22
Q

What is a commonly used biological growth factor in periodontal surgery?

A

Enamel matrix proteins e.g. Emdogain

23
Q

What are 3 indications to perform gingival augmentation?

A
  1. Discomfort
  2. Aesthetics
  3. Restorative
24
Q

What can happen during primary occlusal trauma in patients?

Is there any periodontitis?

A

Localised alteration of the supporting tissue which results in widening of the periodontal ligament

There is NO periodontitis

25
Q

On examination, give 3 presentations of primary occlusal trauma:

A
  1. Mobility
  2. Abnormal tooth contacts
  3. Pain
26
Q

What is secondary occlusal trauma?

A

When excessive lateral parafunctional forces are directed at teeth with existing periodontal disease

The occlusal trauma does not initiate periodontitis but can accelerate its progress

DG2013 - Day 7 (4 decks)

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