Diabetes and Periodontal Disease Flashcards
(26 cards)
How is the risk of periodontal disease impacted in diabetic patients?
The risk of periodontitis is increased by 3x in diabetic individuals
What role to AGE’s play in diabetic complications?
They alter functions of the extracellular matrix and affect collagen stability and vascular integrity
What does HbA1c refer to?
What is the correlation of HbA1 levels with diabetes?
Glycated haemoglobin which identifies average plasma glucose concentration
The higher the HbA1c levels, the greater the risk of developing diabetes-related complications
What is significant about the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes?
What is an important determinant in this relationship?
It is a bi-directional process
Glycaemic control
How does periodontal treatment affect inflammation?
Periodontal treatment may reduce inflammation locally and also decrease serum levels of inflammatory mediators that cause insulin resistance therefore, positively affecting glycaemic control
What is Guided Biofilm Therapy (GBT)?
Guided Biofilm Therapy uses low-abrasive powders in an air polishing device and is performed prior to the instrumentation of hard deposits
Give 4 benefits of GBT:
- Safe and effective
- Superior cleaning
- Comfortable and time saving treatment
- Greater recalls
What is a commonly used powder in air polishing and why is it beneficial?
What is another more recent example?
Glycine which is a naturally occurring, water soluble amino acid
It provides less surface damage on restorative materials and tooth surfaces due to its smaller particle size
Erythritol powder - even smaller particles
Why are peri-implant tissues more susceptible for inflammatory disease than periodontal tissues?
Due to the reduced vascularization and parallel orientation of the collagen fibres
What is one of the main aims of peri-implant therapy?
To detoxify the contaminated implant surface
What are glycine and erythritol powder specifically designed for?
Sub-gingival air polishing
What is sodium bicarbonate powder use exclusive for?
Supragingival air polishing and is predominantly for stain removal
Can air polishing alone be used to remove calculus?
No - air polishing should be used prior to and in conjunction with RSI and hand scaling
What are 3 medical contra-indications for periodontal surgery?
- Anticoagulant therapy/bleeding disorders
- Diabetes
- Recent acute episode e.g. MI
List 5 methods used for periodontal surgery:
- Closed debridement (NSPT)
- Gingivectomy
- Flap surgery
- Bone graft
- Guided tissue regeneration (GTR)
What are the 3 flap designs used in periodontal surgery?
- Replaced flap e.g. Kirkland flap
- Repositioned e.g. apically repositioned flap
- Resected e.g. indirect flap
What is a Coe Pack?
A periodontal surgical dressing
List 3 factors which must be considered when planning a root resection:
- Root trunk length
- Root bone support
- Access for oral hygiene
Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages for root resection:
Advantages:
1. Maintain occlusion
2. Avoid extraction
Disadvantages:
1. Expensive
2. Time consuming
What technique is used for open debridement periodontal surgery?
“Open, clean & close”
Give 3 examples of grafting techniques:
- Autogenous bone grafts
- Xenogeneic grafts
- Alloplastic grafts
What is a commonly used biological growth factor in periodontal surgery?
Enamel matrix proteins e.g. Emdogain
What are 3 indications to perform gingival augmentation?
- Discomfort
- Aesthetics
- Restorative
What can happen during primary occlusal trauma in patients?
Is there any periodontitis?
Localised alteration of the supporting tissue which results in widening of the periodontal ligament
There is NO periodontitis
