Diabetes and Nutrition across the Lifespan Flashcards
What proportion of pregnancies are affected by diabetes in pregnancy?
1 in 20
What is gestational diabetes?
Natural increase in hyperglycaemic hormones
Actions not adequately compensated
What happens to gestational diabetes after the baby is born?
Usually goes away
What is the risk of developing type 2 diabetes for the mother and infant if the mother has had any sort of diabetes during pregnancy?
High risk
What are the health risks associated with gestational diabetes in the mother?
High BP
Pre-eclampsia
Obesity
Long-term: T2D
What are the health risks associated with gestational diabetes in the infant?
Underweight/overweight Preterm birth Respiratory distress syndrome Hypoglycaemia Long-term - Obesity - T2D
What are the risk factors for gestational diabetes?
Previous gestational diabetes Prediabetes Ethnicity Older maternal age (40+) Family history of diabetes Obesity PCOS
How does maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy affect obesity in childhood?
2-3x increased risk
What is the risk of Indigenous women having diabetes in pregnancy compared to non-Indigenous women?
More likely
What are the health risks associated with a low birth weight (
More likely to experience rapid weight gain after birth Rapid weight gain in first 4 months associated with obesity in school aged children Associated with - Central adiposity - Metabolic syndrome - Hypertension - CVD - T2D in adulthood
What are the health risks associated with a high birth weight (>4.5 kg)?
Increased risk of adolescent obesity
How are gestational diabetes babies more likely to be delivered?
Caesarean
What is the relationship between breastfeeding and diabetes in pregnancy?
Breastfeeding infants born to mothers with diabetes in pregnancy have reduced risk of obesity and T2D
How long is exclusive breastfeeding recommended for?
6 months
How does the composition of breast milk change throughout a feed?
Water > protein > fat
