Diabetes and its control Flashcards
What is diabetes?
Person that is unable to metabolise carbohydrate especially glucoseproperly
What are the types of diabetes?
- Diabetes melitus
- Sugar diabetes
What is diabetes caused by?
Metabolic disorder caused by the inability to control glucose concentration due to lack of hormone insulin or lose of responsiveness of insulin
What is Type 1 (insulin dependent diabetes) is caused by?
Body being unable to produce insulin
It normally begins in childhood
Int may be due to result of autoimmune response whereby the body’s immune systems attack its own cells
In this case B cells of the islets of Langerhans
usually develops quickly over few weeks and signs and symtpons are obvious
What is Type 2 diabetes (insulin independent diabetes)?
It is normally due to glycoprotein receptor on body cells being lost or losing responsiveness to insulin
However , could be due to inadequate supply of insulin form pancreas
It usually develops over the age of 40 years leading to poor diet , obesity
It develops slowly and goes unnoticed
Signs of diabetes
- High blood glucose concentration
- Presence of glucose in urine
- Need to urinate excessively
- General itching or regular episodes of thrush
- Weight loss
- Blurred vision
Symptons of diabetes
- Tiredness
- Increased thrist and hunger
How can type 1 diabetes be controlled?
- Controlled by insulin injections
- This cannot be taken by mouth being a protein would be digested in alimentary canal
- It is therefore injected two or fout times a day
- The dose of insulin is matched exactly to glucose intake
- If person with diabetes takes too much insulin experience low blood glucose concentration
- To correct dose , blood glucose concentration maintained by biosensors
- By injecting insulin and managing their carbohydrate intake and exercise
How can type II diabetes be controlled by?
By regulating the intake of carbohydrate in the diet and matching this amount to exercise taken
This may be supplemented by injections of insulin and use of drugs that stimulate the production
Other durgs can slow down the rate at which body absorb glucose from intestine
