16.5 - Control of blood water potential - structure of nephron Flashcards

1
Q

What is the homeostatisic control of water potential in blood is called?

A

Osmoregulation

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2
Q

What is a nephron?

A

Particular functional unit of the kidney

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3
Q

Structure of the mammalian kidney

A
  • Fibrous capulse
  • Cortex
  • Medulla
  • Renal pelvis
  • Urter
  • Renal artery
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4
Q

Properties of structure of nephron

A
  • 14mm long
  • Closed at one end
  • Two tisted regions separated by a long hairpin loop
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5
Q

Structure of nephron

A
  • Reneal Bowman’s capulse
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Loop of henle
  • Distal convoluted tubule
  • Collecting duct
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6
Q

What is the renal bowman’s capulse?

A

The closed end at the start of the nephron

It is cup-shaped and surrounds a mass of blood cappillaries made up of the glomerulus

The inner layer of the renal capulse is made up of specialised cells called podocytes

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7
Q

What is the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

It is a series of loops surrounded by blood cappillaries

Its walls are made of epithalial cellss which have micorvilli

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8
Q

What is the loop of henle?

A

It is a long, hairpin loop that extends from the cortex of the medula and to the kidney back again

It is surrounded by the blood capillaries

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9
Q

What is the distal convoluted tubule?

A

A series of loops surrounded by blood capilarries

Its walls made up of epithelial cells surrounded by fewer cappillaries than the proximal rubule

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10
Q

What is the collecting duct?

A

A tube into which a number of distal convoluted tubules from a number of nephrons empty

It is lined by epithalial cells and becomes increasingly wide as it empties into the pelvis in the kidney

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11
Q

Blood vessels associated with nephrons

A
  • afferent arteriole
  • glomerulus
  • efferent arteriole
  • blood capillaries
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12
Q

What is afferent arteriole?

A

It is a tiny vessel that ultimately arises from renal artery and supplies the nephron with blood

the afferent arteriole enters the renal capulse of the nephrons where it forms

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13
Q

What is glomerulus?

A

A many branched knot of capillaries from which fluid is forced out of blood

The glomerular capillaries recombine

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14
Q

What is efferent arteriole?

A

A tiny bessel that leaves the renal capsule

It has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole and causes an increase in blood pressure within glomerulus

The efferent arteriole carries the blood away from the renal capsule and later branches to form the blood capillaries

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15
Q

What is blood capillaries?

A

It is a concentrated network of capillaries that surrounds the proximal convoluted tubule

The loop of henle has a distal convulted tubule and from which they reabsorb mineral salts , glucose and water

These capillaries merge together into venules that turn merge together to form renal vein

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16
Q

Diagram of nephron

A