Diabetes and Insulin Flashcards
What is diabetes?
insulin insufficiency, cannot maintain blood glucose homeostasis
What are the three types of diabetes?
type 1: autoimmune disease, lack of insulin
type 2: acquired insulin resistance
gestational: type 2-like, occur during pregnancy
What happens when the body has too much insulin?
hypoglycemia
Why might a diabetic patient experience chronic fatigue?
tissues are constantly starved for energy
What type of diabetes will have elevated fat mobilization from adipose tissues?
Type 1 - body thinks it is starving even if there’s already a lot of glucose in the blood
What are the effects of sorbitol?
it is a reduction of glucose
- stays inside of cells
- consumes NADPH
- draws water into cells
- *blurred vision comes from sorbitol - drawing of water into lens
Which diabetes is this:
- nonketotic hyperglycemia
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- dehydration
- coma
Type 2
dehydration can lead to nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome
- all symptoms are due to too high of blood glucose concentration
Hyperlipidemia mostly occurs in which type of diabetic patients?
Type 1
in the absence of insulin, hormone sensitive lipase remains active
Which diabetes is this:
- hyperglycemia
- ketoacidosis
Type 1
- no insulin to utilize glucose
- FA is constantly being cleaved from HSL, leading to more production of ketone bodies
- low glucose uptake and ineffective catabolism of glucose
- constant gluconeogenesis
Hyperglycemia
- low FA release from chylomicrons and VLDL
- constant release of FA from adipose tissue
Hyperlipidemia
insulin utilizes what type of receptors for its signal cascade?
tyrosine kinase - autophosphorylation…Ras…MAPK…
In regards to glycogen metabolism, how does insulin affect it?
increase glycogen synthesis
decrease glycogen degradation
In regards to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, how does insulin affect those two pathways?
increases glycolysis
decreases gluconeogenesis
In regards to lipid metabolism, how does insulin affect it?
increase FA synthesis
increase cholesterol synthesis
decrease FA mobilization
decrease ketogenesis
