diabetes and insulin

Question 1

what kinds of insulin are there?

Answer 1

• very short-acting
• short-acting (R or regular)
• intermediate (N or NPH)
• long-acting
• very long-acting
• pre-mixed
• inhaled

Question 2

what is premixed insulin?

Answer 2

a mixture of fasting-acting and long-acting insulin

Question 3

is very short-acting insulin cloudy or clear?

Answer 3

clear

Question 4

is short-acting insulin cloudy or clear?

Answer 4

clear

Question 5

is intermediate insulin cloudy or clear?

Answer 5

cloudy

Question 6

is long-acting insulin cloudy or clear?

Answer 6

clear

Question 7

is very long-acting insulin cloudy or clear?

Answer 7

clear

Question 8

is premixed insulin cloudy or clear?

Answer 8

cloudy

Question 9

what is basal insulin?

Answer 9

background insulin, required when not eating, slower-acting

Lantus, Levemir, Basaglar, Toujeo, Tresiba, N

Question 10

what is bolus insulin?

Answer 10

insulin required to keep blood sugar when eating carbs, fast-acting
(Humalog, Novalod, Apidra, Admelog, Fiasp, Lyumjav, R)

Question 11

what is a set schedule for insulin

Answer 11

take the same amount of insulin at a particular time every day (take 20 units before breakfast and 15 units before dinner)

Question 12

what is a sliding scale?

Answer 12

taking a certain amount of insulin from a based of BG before a meal

Question 13

what is the insulin to carb ratio?

Answer 13

give a certain amount of insulin right before you eat based on the amount of carbs that will be eaten

Question 14

what medications are considered sulfonylurea?

Answer 14

• amaryl (glimepiride)
• glucotrol/glucotrol XL (glipizide)
• micronase, diabeta, glynase (glyburide)

Question 15

what are the main side effects of sulfonylurea (gli-)?

Answer 15

• hypoglycemia

- mild weight gain

Question 16

what is the action of sulfonylurea (gli-)?

Answer 16

stimulates the pancreas to make more insulin

Question 17

what teaching is needed with sulfonylurea (gli-)?

Answer 17

• take before you eat food

- use with caution if sulfa allergy or kidney problems

Question 18

when is sulfonylurea (gli-) use contraindicated?

Answer 18

with a sulfa allergy or kidney problems

Question 19

what medication is considered biguanide?

Answer 19

metformin

Question 20

what are the side effects of biguanide (metformin)?

Answer 20

• diarrhea
• nausea
• metallic taste
• lactic acidosis (rare)

Question 21

what is the action of biguanide (metformin)?

Answer 21

decrease liver’s production of glucose

Question 22

what teaching is needed with biguanide (metformin)?

Answer 22

take with food to decrease GI issues

Question 23

when is biguanide (metformin) use contraindicated?

Answer 23

• history of liver or kidney disease

- typically stoped in the hospital due to allergic reaction with IV dye contrast

Question 24

what drug is an alpha-glucosides inhibitor?

Answer 24

Precose (acarbose)

Question 25

what are the side effects of alpha-glucosides inhibitors?

Answer 25

- gas - nausea - diarrhea

Question 26

what is the action of alpha-glucosides inhibitors?

Answer 26

slows down the rate of carbohydrate absorption in the intestines

Question 27

what teaching is needed with alpha-glucosides inhibitors?

Answer 27

- take with 1st bite of food

Question 28

when is the use of alpha-glucosides inhibitors contraindicated?

Answer 28

history of stomach/intestine problems

Question 29

what drug is considered thiazolidinedione (TZD)?

Answer 29

- actos (pioglitazone) | - avandia (rosiglitazone)

Question 30

what are the side effects of thiazolidinedione (TZD)?

Answer 30

- edema - weight gain - heart failure - risk of bladder cancer

Question 31

what is the action of thiazolidinedione (TZD)?

Answer 31

- decrease insulin resistance | - decrease liver's production of glucose

Question 32

what teaching is needed for thiazolidinedione (TZD)?

Answer 32

may need to take 3-4 weeks before it lowers blood sugar

Question 33

when is the use of thiazolidinedione (TZD) contraindicated?

Answer 33

shouldn't be used if you have liver problems or CHF

Question 34

what is correction bolus?

Answer 34

taking a certain amount of insulin to correct a high blood sugar

Question 35

where is glucose produced?

Answer 35

liver

Question 36

what food do diabetics need to be most aware of?

Answer 36

carbohydrates

Question 37

what foods contain carbs?

Answer 37

- grains, such as bread, noodles, pasta, crackers, cereals, and rice - fruits, such as apples, bananas, berries, mangoes, melons, and oranges - dairy products, such as milk and yogurt - legumes, including dried beans, lentils, and peas

Question 38

what gauge needle is used for insulin?

Answer 38

28-32

Question 39

what length needle is used for insulin?

Answer 39

.5 inches

Question 40

where is insulin injected?

Answer 40

the stomach, upper arm, upper leg, or buttocks

Question 41

what is the instruction for cloudy insulin?

Answer 41

roll the cloudy insulin bottle until all the white powder has dissolved