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Pharm Exam 2 > diabetes and insulin > Flashcards

diabetes and insulin Flashcards

1
Q

what kinds of insulin are there?

A
  • very short-acting
  • short-acting (R or regular)
  • intermediate (N or NPH)
  • long-acting
  • very long-acting
  • pre-mixed
  • inhaled
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2
Q

what is premixed insulin?

A

a mixture of fasting-acting and long-acting insulin

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3
Q

is very short-acting insulin cloudy or clear?

A

clear

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4
Q

is short-acting insulin cloudy or clear?

A

clear

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5
Q

is intermediate insulin cloudy or clear?

A

cloudy

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6
Q

is long-acting insulin cloudy or clear?

A

clear

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7
Q

is very long-acting insulin cloudy or clear?

A

clear

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8
Q

is premixed insulin cloudy or clear?

A

cloudy

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9
Q

what is basal insulin?

A

background insulin, required when not eating, slower-acting

Lantus, Levemir, Basaglar, Toujeo, Tresiba, N

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10
Q

what is bolus insulin?

A

insulin required to keep blood sugar when eating carbs, fast-acting
(Humalog, Novalod, Apidra, Admelog, Fiasp, Lyumjav, R)

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11
Q

what is a set schedule for insulin

A

take the same amount of insulin at a particular time every day (take 20 units before breakfast and 15 units before dinner)

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12
Q

what is a sliding scale?

A

taking a certain amount of insulin from a based of BG before a meal

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13
Q

what is the insulin to carb ratio?

A

give a certain amount of insulin right before you eat based on the amount of carbs that will be eaten

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14
Q

what medications are considered sulfonylurea?

A
  • amaryl (glimepiride)
  • glucotrol/glucotrol XL (glipizide)
  • micronase, diabeta, glynase (glyburide)
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15
Q

what are the main side effects of sulfonylurea (gli-)?

A
  • hypoglycemia

- mild weight gain

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16
Q

what is the action of sulfonylurea (gli-)?

A

stimulates the pancreas to make more insulin

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17
Q

what teaching is needed with sulfonylurea (gli-)?

A
  • take before you eat food

- use with caution if sulfa allergy or kidney problems

18
Q

when is sulfonylurea (gli-) use contraindicated?

A

with a sulfa allergy or kidney problems

19
Q

what medication is considered biguanide?

A

metformin

20
Q

what are the side effects of biguanide (metformin)?

A
  • diarrhea
  • nausea
  • metallic taste
  • lactic acidosis (rare)
21
Q

what is the action of biguanide (metformin)?

A

decrease liver’s production of glucose

22
Q

what teaching is needed with biguanide (metformin)?

A

take with food to decrease GI issues

23
Q

when is biguanide (metformin) use contraindicated?

A
  • history of liver or kidney disease

- typically stoped in the hospital due to allergic reaction with IV dye contrast

24
Q

what drug is an alpha-glucosides inhibitor?

A

Precose (acarbose)

25
Q

what are the side effects of alpha-glucosides inhibitors?

A
  • gas
  • nausea
  • diarrhea
26
Q

what is the action of alpha-glucosides inhibitors?

A

slows down the rate of carbohydrate absorption in the intestines

27
Q

what teaching is needed with alpha-glucosides inhibitors?

A
  • take with 1st bite of food
28
Q

when is the use of alpha-glucosides inhibitors contraindicated?

A

history of stomach/intestine problems

29
Q

what drug is considered thiazolidinedione (TZD)?

A
  • actos (pioglitazone)

- avandia (rosiglitazone)

30
Q

what are the side effects of thiazolidinedione (TZD)?

A
  • edema
  • weight gain
  • heart failure
  • risk of bladder cancer
31
Q

what is the action of thiazolidinedione (TZD)?

A
  • decrease insulin resistance

- decrease liver’s production of glucose

32
Q

what teaching is needed for thiazolidinedione (TZD)?

A

may need to take 3-4 weeks before it lowers blood sugar

33
Q

when is the use of thiazolidinedione (TZD) contraindicated?

A

shouldn’t be used if you have liver problems or CHF

34
Q

what is correction bolus?

A

taking a certain amount of insulin to correct a high blood sugar

35
Q

where is glucose produced?

A

liver

36
Q

what food do diabetics need to be most aware of?

A

carbohydrates

37
Q

what foods contain carbs?

A
  • grains, such as bread, noodles, pasta, crackers, cereals, and rice
  • fruits, such as apples, bananas, berries, mangoes, melons, and oranges
  • dairy products, such as milk and yogurt
  • legumes, including dried beans, lentils, and peas
38
Q

what gauge needle is used for insulin?

A

28-32

39
Q

what length needle is used for insulin?

A

.5 inches

40
Q

where is insulin injected?

A

the stomach, upper arm, upper leg, or buttocks

41
Q

what is the instruction for cloudy insulin?

A

roll the cloudy insulin bottle until all the white powder has dissolved

Pharm Exam 2 (5 decks)

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