diabetes and congenital disorders Flashcards

1
Q

diabetes

A

Chronic condition where blood glucose cannot access cells

insulin required to transport blood glucose into cells
Cells need to be able to accept that insulin and open its transport channel

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2
Q

type one diabetes

A

5-10% of cases
Auto immune condition

Immune attack on beta cells and islets of langerhans within pancreas

no production of insulin -> blood glucose cannot enter cells built-up in the bloodstream

risk factors -genetic not caused by dietary or lifestyle habits

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3
Q

Type two diabetes

A

90 to 95% of cases

ineffective use of insulin - cells become resistant to insulin

Risk factors - over age 45, obesity, high lipid profile, increased triglycerides or decreased HDL, physical inactivity

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4
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

excessive hunger
Excessive thirst
Weakness or fatigue
Frequent urination
Blurred vision
Dry skin
Sores not healing properly
Sleepiness after eating
Nausea

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5
Q

hypoglycemia

A

Hunger
Shaking or tremors
Sweating
Dizziness
Fast heart rate
Anxiety
Blurred vision
Weakness or fatigue
Head ache
Irritability

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6
Q

talipes equinovarus clubfoot

A

idiopathic; Congenital deformity
More common in boys
Cerebral palsy or other neural

Posterior medial muscles are shortened
Causes joint capsule change in length tension
Soft tissues resist change in length with time
Bones and joints can eventually change shape
Tibia may internally rotate as well

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7
Q

management of clubfoot

A

ponsetti method
manipulation
Serial casting (5 or 7)
Achilles tenotomy
bracing

education
Monitoring milestones
Motor skill development
ROM
Strength

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8
Q

calcaneal apophysitis

A

severs disease

calcaneal Growth plate disruption
Inflammation of the apophysis

similar to osgood schlatters

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9
Q

cause of calcaneal apophysitis

A

Growth spurt
Excess pull through muscle

Repetitive traction through Achilles
Direct trauma from jumping striking heel

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10
Q

presentation of calcaneal apophysitis

A

local pain, particularly with activity

Antalgic gait
Swelling
ROM Limitation and pain reproduction with df

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11
Q

management of calcaneal apophysistis

A

Restrict df by applying a heel lift

Modify activity level

Stretch of GS complex, but must not worsen

Gradual return to full df and

No longer a concern once epiphysis fuses

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