diabetes and congenital disorders Flashcards
diabetes
Chronic condition where blood glucose cannot access cells
insulin required to transport blood glucose into cells
Cells need to be able to accept that insulin and open its transport channel
type one diabetes
5-10% of cases
Auto immune condition
Immune attack on beta cells and islets of langerhans within pancreas
no production of insulin -> blood glucose cannot enter cells built-up in the bloodstream
risk factors -genetic not caused by dietary or lifestyle habits
Type two diabetes
90 to 95% of cases
ineffective use of insulin - cells become resistant to insulin
Risk factors - over age 45, obesity, high lipid profile, increased triglycerides or decreased HDL, physical inactivity
Hyperglycemia
excessive hunger
Excessive thirst
Weakness or fatigue
Frequent urination
Blurred vision
Dry skin
Sores not healing properly
Sleepiness after eating
Nausea
hypoglycemia
Hunger
Shaking or tremors
Sweating
Dizziness
Fast heart rate
Anxiety
Blurred vision
Weakness or fatigue
Head ache
Irritability
talipes equinovarus clubfoot
idiopathic; Congenital deformity
More common in boys
Cerebral palsy or other neural
Posterior medial muscles are shortened
Causes joint capsule change in length tension
Soft tissues resist change in length with time
Bones and joints can eventually change shape
Tibia may internally rotate as well
management of clubfoot
ponsetti method
manipulation
Serial casting (5 or 7)
Achilles tenotomy
bracing
education
Monitoring milestones
Motor skill development
ROM
Strength
calcaneal apophysitis
severs disease
calcaneal Growth plate disruption
Inflammation of the apophysis
similar to osgood schlatters
cause of calcaneal apophysitis
Growth spurt
Excess pull through muscle
Repetitive traction through Achilles
Direct trauma from jumping striking heel
presentation of calcaneal apophysitis
local pain, particularly with activity
Antalgic gait
Swelling
ROM Limitation and pain reproduction with df
management of calcaneal apophysistis
Restrict df by applying a heel lift
Modify activity level
Stretch of GS complex, but must not worsen
Gradual return to full df and
No longer a concern once epiphysis fuses
