Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Conditions II > Diabetes and Amputations > Flashcards

Diabetes and Amputations Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: Glucose isn’t vital to your health

A

False; it is vital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is glucose important for your body?

A

It is the main source of energy for the cells that make up your muscles and tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T or F: Glucose is your body’s main source of fuel.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T or F: Diabetes Mellitus refers to a a group of diseases that affect how your body uses glucose

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Glucose is also known as?

A

blood sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T or F: A condition marked by a deficiency of or reduced sensitivity to insulin

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which type of diabetes is insulin dependent (IDDM)?

A

Type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was formally known as?

A

juvenile onset diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which type of diabetes is non insulin dependent?

A

Type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was formally known as?

A

adult onset diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

After what age does adult onset diabetes or NIDDM usually occur?

A

After age 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Insulin is a hormone produced by what organ?

A

Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Insulin regulates what?

A

Glucose metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T or F: Insulin is required for the cellular uptake of glucose which is required for energy

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T or F: Without insulin the liver, muscles and fat tissue can still take up absorbed nutrients

A

False; Without insulin the liver, muscles and fat tissue CANNOT take up absorbed nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T or F: Ketones are lethal in high concentrations

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T or F: The body will use its own lipids as an energy source, this leads to ketones

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

A serious diabetes complication where the body produces excess blood acids (ketones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T or F: Until the 1920’s diagnosis of diabetes was a death sentence

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T or F: Diabetes doesn’t carry a significant risk for individuals to develop major disabling conditions

A

False; it carries a significant risk for individuals to develop major disabling conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Diabetes is the ____ most common reason for MD visits.

A

4th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the incidence and prevalence rates of diabetes?

A

Among US residents 65 and older, 10.9 million or 26.9 % had DM in 2010
•About 215, 000 people younger than 20 years had DM
•About 1.9 million people aged 20 years or older were newly diagnosed with diabetes in 2010 in the US
•Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, non traumatic lower limb amputations, and new cases of blindness in the US
•Diabetes is a major cause of heart disease and stroke
•The seventh leading cause of death in the US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Diabetes is the leading cause of what three conditions?

A
  • kidney failure
  • nontraumatic lower limb amputations
  • new cases of blindness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T or F: Diabetes is a major cause of heart disease and stroke

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T or F: The seventh leading cause of death in the US

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

People who are usually thin have what type of diabetes?

A

Type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Ketoacidosis is common with what type of diabetes?

A

Type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which type of diabetes has a gradual onset?

A

Type II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which type of diabetes has a low prevalence?

A

Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which type of diabetes can be due to physical inactivity?

A

Type II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which type of diabetes is more common in African Americans, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders?

A

Type II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

T or F: The cause of type I diabetes is unknown.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

T or F: There is a genetic predisposition for diabetes type I.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are some environmentally based inciting events for type I?

A 
–Acute illness
–Virus
–Diet
–Environmental toxins
–Physical /emotional stress
35
Q

T or F: Type I diabetes is an autoimmune response produces antibodies against and destroys the pancreas cells that produce insulin. This leaves the person with little or no insulin. Instead of the glucose being transported into your cells, it builds up in your bloodstream

A

True

36
Q

T or F: Type I diabetes begins as insulin resistance and disorder in which the cells do not use insulin properly. As the need for insulin arises the pancreas gradually looses its ability to produce it.

A

False; it’s type II

37
Q

T or F: Family history of DM or prior history of gestational diabetes, older age, obesity and inactivity are possible causes for Type I diabetes.

A

False; it’s type II

38
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of Type I Diabetes?

A
  • Polyuria
  • Polydispia
  • Polyphagia
  • Anorexia that results in a 10-30% weight loss
  • Blurred vision
  • Increased fatigue
  • Decreased energy
  • Chest pain and occasional difficulty breathing
  • Nausea
  • Muscle cramps
  • Irritability
  • Emotional liability
  • Altered school and work behaviors
  • Headaches
  • Abdominal pain and discomfort
  • Diarrhea or constipation
39
Q

T or F: Anorexia can be a symptom of Type I diabetes.

A

True

40
Q

T or F: Polyuria is a sign/symptom of Type I/II diabetes that results in a production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine.

A

True

41
Q

T or F: Polyphagia is a sign/symptom of Type I/II diabetes that results in excessive eating or appetite

A

True

42
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of diabetes Type II?

A
  • Polyuria
  • Polydispia
  • Polyphagia
  • Unusual weight loss/ gain
  • Extreme weakness and fatigue
  • Irritability
  • Frequent skin, gum, or bladder infections
  • Cuts and bruises that are slow to heal
  • Numbness or tingling on hands or feet
43
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of diabetes Type II?

A
  • Polyuria
  • Polydispia
  • Polyphagia
  • Unusual weight loss/ gain
  • Extreme weakness and fatigue
  • Irritability
  • Frequent skin, gum, or bladder infections
  • Cuts and bruises that are slow to heal
  • Numbness or tingling on hands or feet
44
Q

T or F: During pregnancy the placenta produces hormones to sustain the pregnancy. These hormones make the cells more resistant to insulin.

A

True

45
Q

T or F: As the placenta grows larger in the second and third trimesters, it secretes more of these hormones making it more difficult for insulin to work.

A

True

46
Q

T or F: This results in the pancreas not being able to respond by producing enough extra insulin to overcome the resistance. When this happens too little glucose gets into the cells and too much remains in the blood. CDC reports that rate from 2 to 10 % of US pregnancies

A

True

47
Q

What are some things you look for when diagnosing DM?

A 
•Random plasma glucose of >200 mg/dl
–regardless of last meal
•Fasting glucose >126 mg/dl
–No caloric intake for at least 8 hours
•Two hour glucose > 200 mg/dl
–Post load (meal)
•Diagnosis can be confirmed if one of the above factors is sustained for several days
48
Q

What are some complications associated with DM?

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Diabetic Retinopathy
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
  • Diabetic Nephropathy
  • Diabetic Neuropathy
49
Q

What condition is known as too much insulin resulting in decreased blood glucose levels?

A

Hypoglycemia (

50
Q

What are some symptoms of hypoglycemia?

A

Fatigue, headache, drowsiness, shallow breathing, nausea

51
Q

What condition can lead to insulin shock?

A

Hypoglycemia (

52
Q

What are some symptoms of insulin shock?

A

Seizure, accidental injury (fall), heart arrhythmia

53
Q

T or F: Hypoglycemia may occur during exercise or ADL’s

A

True; •Consider increased consumption of carbohydrates

•Consider decreasing insulin dose (MD and Nurse)

54
Q

What condition is known as too little insulin resulting in increased blood glucose levels?

A

Hyperglycemia

55
Q

What are some symptoms of hyperglycemia?

A

Thirsty, heart burn, fast deep breathing, excessive urination, headache, blurred vision, nausea

56
Q

What condition can lead to diabetic coma?

A

Hyperglycemia

57
Q

What condition can occur about 15 years after onset?

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

58
Q

T or F: >40 percent of DM patients have some stage of retinopathy

A

True

59
Q

T or F: Blindness if not prevalent in DM

A

False; Blindness is 20 X more prevalent in those with DM
•Type I 10-15%
•Type II 5-8 %

60
Q

Blindness is more prevalent in which type of diabetes?

A

Type I

61
Q

Blindness is more prevalent in which type of diabetes?

A

Type I

62
Q

What is an emergency state of metabolic imbalance that usually signals the onset of Type I DM?

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

63
Q

What condition occurs in patients with the disease because of illness, inappropriate reaction to insulin intake or missed injection?

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

64
Q

T or F: Patients who are sick should increase insulin and consume extra fluids
•Acetone smelling breath ‘fruity’ breath

A

True

65
Q

What condition is characterized by systematic vascular changes in the kidneys that result with scarring reducing kidney functions?

A

Diabetic Nephropathy

66
Q

Which type of DM is diabetic nephropathy most common in?

A

Type I
–25-30 % of those with type I
–15-20 % of these with type II

67
Q

What condition is the leading cause of ESRD (End stage renal disease)?

A

Diabetic Nephropathy

68
Q

Which condition is likely to develop HTN?

A

Diabetic Nephropathy

69
Q

What does the treatment include for Diabetic Nephropathy?

A

Treatment includes dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis)

70
Q

What is a micro vascular disease that effects peripheral nerves?

A

Diabetic Nephropathy

71
Q

T or F: Exact link is not known between DM and Diabetic Neuropathy.

A

True

72
Q

T or F: Diabetic Nephropathy affects 50% of individuals with DM

A

True

73
Q

T or F: Damage due to Diabetic Nephropathy is typically more motor than sensory.

A

False; Damage is typically more sensory than motor

•Motor problems tend to include footdrop

74
Q

T or F: Distal sensory impairment including pain is common
•Glove and stocking effect
•Decreased light touch and pinprick sensation

A

true

75
Q

What are some symptoms of diabetic neuropathy?

A

•Numbness and tingling in hands and feet
•Variable loss of distal reflexes
•Intrinsic muscle wasting in the hands and feet
•Axonal losses (pain and sensory) and (position and touch)
–Have a higher rate of infection because of decreased sensation, decreased blood supply, hyperglycemic states promote pathogen growth, decreased immune response
•Can not reverse process

76
Q

What is part of the medical management of DM Type I?

A
  • No cure
  • Oral medications or subcutaneous insulin injection
  • Subcutaneous insulin infusion
  • Immunosuppressiants
  • Monitor blood glucose levels before each meal and bedtime
  • Make lifestyle changes to facilitates insulin therapy and optimize health
  • Nutritionally sound meals
  • Balance between calorie intake and energy expenditure
  • Frequent small snacks
  • Regular exercise
  • Vision compensation and training
77
Q

What is part of the medical management of DM type II?

A 
•Lifestyle changes and dietary control
•Regular exercise
•Oral glucose lowering agents
•Insulin therapy
•Blood glucose level monitoring
–Breakfast, dinner and bedtime
78
Q

What are some areas of occupation that are impacted because of DM?

A 
•All areas may be impaired and degree of impairment depends on the progression of the disease
•ADL’s-
–Personal hygiene and grooming
–Personal device care
–Sexual activity
•IADL’s
–-Health management and maintenance
–Meal preparation and cleanup
–Medication routine
•Performance Patterns
–Habits, routine and roles
79
Q

What are some overall treatment considerations for DM?

A 
•Education and family support
–Occupational profile
•Therapeutic exercise
•Medication management
–habits, roles, and routines
•Diabetic foot care
–Injury to lower limb can lead to slow healing sores
–Infections
–Potential for amputations
80
Q

T or F: Individuals with DM have the potential for amputations.

A

True

81
Q

T or F: Injury to lower limb can lead to slow healing sores

A

True

82
Q

What are some of the Do’s of diabetic foot care?

A
  • Encourage podiatric exams
  • Inspect feet daily for skin integrity
  • Wash feet daily
  • Dry feet between the toes
  • Use cream and lotion
  • Wear clean socks
  • Cut nails and use emery board
  • Non rubbing shoes/ inspect shoes
83
Q

What are some of the Don’ts of diabetic foot care?

A 
•Use heating pads, lamps etc on feet
•Razor blades
•Over the counter meds for corns and calluses
•Crossing legs
•Walk barefoot
•Wear shoes without socks
•Use hands to inspect shoes
(if have neruopathy also)

Conditions II (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions