Diabetes

Question 1

glycosylation (r/t circulation)

Answer 1

glucose attaches to hemoglobin

-this causes slow circulation–>slow wound healing

Question 2

effects of slow circulation in diabetic patient

Answer 2

dec in circulation to certain body part in lower extremities–>harder for cytokines and neutrophils (inflammatory mediators) to get to site of injury–>healing is delayed

Question 3

diagnosis for diabetes

Answer 3

Hemoglobin A1C test

> 6.5 is diabetic, 5.7-6.4% =prediabetic; 126 is diabetic, 101-125 is prediabetic)

Oral glucose tolerance test (2 hour plasma glucose. >200=DM)

Question 4

Hemoglobin A1C

Answer 4

Shows % of hemoglobin in blood that is attached to glucose.

Represents a 3 months period of time (bc RBC have a 3 month lifespan)

Question 5

Acute complication risks of DM

Answer 5

Hypoglycemia (blood glucose 200mg/dl)

• DKA (type 1)
• HHS (type 2; more severe, glucose greater than 600)

Question 6

what are the MINIMUM standards for diabetic PTs from the american diabetic association

Answer 6

quarterly visits for those NOT meeting goals
semannually for stable PTs
Lab eval (same time frame)
Check lipids annually
Annual foot exams and eye exams

Question 7

Macrovascular DM complications

Answer 7

stroke
heart disease and HTN
peripheral vascular disease
foot problems

Question 8

microvascular DM complications

Answer 8

diabetic eye disease (retinopathy, glaucoma, and cataracts)
Renal disease
Neuropathy
Foot problems

Question 9

what is the most common precipitating factor for HHS?

Answer 9

infection

Question 10

DKA patients are at risk for what electrolyte imbalance

Answer 10

hypokalemia