Diabetes Flashcards
How is type 1 DM treated?
Can only be treated with insulin
What proportion of all cases of DM are Type 1?
5-10%
What is the typical patient profile for Type 1 DM?
Typically seen in younger, lean patients
What are the symptoms are commonly presented with Type 1 DM?
Hyperglycaemia, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Weight loss
What is Type 2 DM?
A heterogeneous condition characterised by insulin resistance and (initially) hyperinsulinaemia
What is Type 1 DM?
An autoimmune disease caused by selective destruction of beta cells, resulting in complete insulin deficiency
Where is insulin produced?
In the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the Pancreas
What do alpha cells in pancreas produce?
Glucagon
What do delta cells in the pancreas produce?
Somatostatin (strong inhibitor of insulin and glucagon)
How is extracellular glucose transported into the beta cell?
GLUT-2
What are the characteristics of First Phase insulin response?
Rapid onset and lasts ~10 minutes
What are the characteristics of Second Phase Insulin Response?
A prolongued plateau lasting as long as hyperglycaemia persists
What happens in First Phase Insulin response?
Release of pre-docked and primed vesicles
What happens in Second Phase Insulin response?
Insulin is released from granules: transport - docking - priming - fusion
How does Insulin action work?
Predominantly Anabolic action. Activated of insulin receptor on target cell membrane. Promotes fusion of vesicles and transporter insertion into cell walls (binds with GLUT-4), facilitating glucose transport into cells. Promotes activation of glycogen synthase. Promotes protein synthesis and inhibits proteolysis, promotes lipogenesis and inhibits lipolysis.
