Bladder Flashcards
What are the 5 layers of the bladder (inside-outside)?
Transitional Epithelium Lamina Propria Submucosa Detrusor Muscle Adventitia
What are the 5 types of incontinence?
FOCUS Functional Overflow Continuous Urge Stress
What are the three primary sources of innervation for the bladder?
Sympathetics
Parasympathetics
Somatic nerves
Describe the sympathetic innervation of the bladder including function:
Sympathetic fibres from the Inferior Hypogastric Plexus (root T10-L2) -> relax detrusor muscle and contract the Internal Urethral Sphincter
Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the bladder including function:
Parasympathetic fibres from the Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve (root S2-4) -> contract detrusor muscle and relax Internal Urethral Sphincter
Describe the somatic innervation of the bladder including function:
Somatic fibres from the Pudendal Nerve (root S2-4) -> contract the External Urethral Sphincter
Which two types of adrenergic receptors are there for the sympathetic system in the bladder?
α - contract IUS
β - relax detrusor muscle
Which parts of the micturition reflex can the higher and Pontine Micturition centres act on?
All 3: parasympathetic, sympathetic, and somatic
What 3 types of lesion can affect micturition?
Cerebral, Spinal, Peripheral
What is the effect of a cerebral lesion on the micturition reflex?
Causes involuntary, but coordinated micturition
What could cause a cerebral lesion affecting micturition?
Stroke
Parkinson’s
Dementia
What would the result of a spinal lesion be on micturition?
Involuntary, uncoordinated detrusor hypereflexia
What could cause a spinal lesion affecting micturition?
Spinal Shock
MS
Tumour
What would the effect of a peripheral nerve lesion be on micturition?
Atonic bladder
What could cause a peripheral nerve lesion affecting micturition?
Surgery
Diabetes Mellitus
