Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Diabetes 2 > Flashcards

Diabetes 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What function does insulin serve

A

inhibit hepatic glucose production
stimulates glucose storage
facilitates glucose transport into cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 rapid acting insulins

A

Lispro (humalog)
aspart (novalog)
glulisine (apadria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the short acting insulins

A

novolin

humulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is an intermediate acting insulin

A

NPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the long acting insulins

A

glargine (lantus)

dentimir (levamir)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is so special about glargine compared to other insulin

A

last for 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the function of insulin analogs

A

targets post prandial glucoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the purpose of basal insulin

A

provide peakless and prolonged insulin coverage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the PRO’s of rapid acting insulin

A

better post prandial glucose control
lower freq of hypoglycemia in type 1
convient can inject before or after meal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the CON’s of rapid insulin

A

Expensive

can not be give PRIOR TO HIGH FAT MEAN BECAUSE OF RISK OF HYPOGLYCEMIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the PRO’s of short acting insulin

A

no prescription needed
Fairly inexpensive
only insulin that can be used IV
provides some basal coverage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the CONs of short acting insulin

A

absorbed TOO SLOWLY to match rate of glucose after meal
Post prandial hyperglycemia
Needs to be used 30-45 min prior to mean
relatively long duration late post meal hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are important things to know about NPH

A

dosed twice daily
peak thus can cause hypoglycemia
can be mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is important to know about glargine

A

dosed once
may not always provide 24 hour glucose coverage
no peaks less hypoglycemia
CAN NOT BE MIXED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is important to know about detemir?

A

duration is a little longer than NPH
May require 2x day dosing
smaller peak than NPH
less variability compared to NPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the considerations to using insulin with diabetics

A

patients with A1C>8%

Type II may require higher doses of insulin that Type 1

17
Q

Who do you have to be more careful with increasing 1 unit of insulin with

A

Type 1 because it may have more drastic result and cause hypoglycemia

18
Q

how is dosing determined for insulin

A

50% of daily dose is provided as basal (glargine)
50% daily as bolus insulin which gets divided into 3 for Bfast,lunch,dinner
can be given before or after meals
NO MEAL NO BOLUS

19
Q

when would you consider dosing adjustments

A 
correct dosing
diet changes
exercise and activity
wight loss/gain
hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
med changes
20
Q

how much does 1 unit of insulin drop the blood glucose by

A

30-60mg/dl

21
Q

what is the carbohydrate rule

A

500 rule

500/total daily dose=xgrams of carbs covered by 1unit of insulin

22
Q

what is the rule for post meal adjustment

A

1500

1500/total daily dose=Xgrams of glucose that will be lowered by 1 unit of insulin

23
Q

how do we choose insulin regimen

A

patient willingness
patient adaptability
lifestyle
glycemic patterns

24
Q

what is the somogyi effect

A

early moring glucose followed by rebound hyperglycemia

treat by reducing insulin

25
Q

what is the dawn phenomenon

A

relative resistance to insulin in the early morning because of regulatory hormones

26
Q

what should you have a diabetic do on their sick days?

A

continue normal diabetic meds/insulin and may require more insulin
check glucose levels more frequently
stay hydrated

27
Q

what are the side effects of insulin

A 
Hypoglycemia
sweating, tachycardia, palitations, tremors, headache, confusion
nightmares, night sweats
Weight gain
fat deposit under injection site
28
Q

how do you treat the side effects of insulin

A 
rule of 15
take glucose tablets
15grams of glucose will raise blood sugar by 15 points in 15min
glucose gel
orange juice
glucagon pen is unconscious
29
Q

how should insulin be stored

A

refrigerator
can store at room temp for 28 days
NPH refrig up 21days

30
Q

how do you draw up clear and cloudy insulin

A

clear before cloudy

clear are usually rapid acting and cloudy are longer lasting

Pharmacology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions