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NUR 112- Exam 2 > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

Metabolism

1
Q

How is type 1 diabetes defined?

A

no insulin production

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2
Q

How is type 2 diabetes defined?

A

insulin resistance (does not produce enough insulin or produces bad insulin that does not work properly)

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3
Q

What are the 2 risk factors for type 1 diabetes?

A

genetics & family history

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4
Q

Is there any prevention for type 1 diabetes? What are they dependent on for life?

A

no; they are insulin-dependent for life

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5
Q

What are 7 risk factors for type 2 diabetes?

A
  1. obesity
  2. sedentary
  3. smoking
  4. gestational diabetes
  5. prediabetes
  6. family history
  7. polycystic ovary syndrome
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6
Q

Is there any prevention for type 2 diabetes?

A

lifestyle changes when patient is prediabetic

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7
Q

What are the 11 S&S of type 1 diabetes?

A
  1. hyperglycemia
  2. polyuria
  3. polydipsia
  4. polyphagia
  5. weight loss
  6. malaise
  7. fatigue
  8. blurred vision
  9. dehydration
  10. hypotension
  11. tachycardia
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8
Q

What are the 10 S&S of type 2 diabetes?

A
  1. fatigue
  2. polydipsia
  3. polyuria
  4. polyphagia
  5. weight loss
  6. slow wound healing
  7. blurry vision
  8. LE paresthesia
  9. yeast infection
  10. infection
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9
Q

What is the fasting plasma glucose in type 1 diabetes?

A

greater than 100 mg/dL

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10
Q

What is the fasting blood glucose range?

A

70-100 mg/dL

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11
Q

What is the 2 hour plasma glucose level during the oral glucose tolerance test in type 1 diabetes?

A

greater than 140 mg/dL

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12
Q

What is the hemoglobin A1C level in type 1 diabetes?

A

greater than or equal to 6.5%

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13
Q

What is the hemoglobin A1C range for prediabetics?

A

5.7-6.4%

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14
Q

What is the fasting blood glucose range for prediabetics?

A

100-125 mg/dL

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15
Q

What is the OGTT 2hr blood glucose range of prediabetes?

A

140-199 mg/dL

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16
Q

What is the first line of therapy with diet in type 2 diabetes?

A

metformin

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17
Q

What 2 medications would be added if glucose control is not met in type 2 diabetes?

A

insulin & non insulin medications

18
Q

What are the 5 classifications of medications that would be considered if glucose control is not met in type 2 diabetes?

A
  1. Alpha inhibitors
  2. amylin mimetics
  3. DPP-4 inhibitors
  4. Insulin sensitizers
  5. SGLT-2 inhibitors
19
Q

What is the peak time for rapid acting insulin?

A

30-60 minutes

20
Q

What is the peak time for short acting insulin?

A

2-4 hours

21
Q

What is the peak time for intermediate acting insulin?

A

4-12 hours

22
Q

What is the peak time for long acting insulin?

A

none

23
Q

What are the 9 chronic complications seen in both type 1 and type 2?

A
  1. diabetic retinopathy
  2. diabetic nephropathy
  3. diabetic neuropathies
  4. CAD
  5. stroke
  6. diabetes distress
  7. increased susceptibility to infection
  8. gingivitis
  9. HTN
24
Q

What is the first indication of diabetic nephropathy?

A

albuminaria

25
Q

What is the medication they would give to someone with diabetic nephropathy?

A

ACE inhibitors

26
Q

What are 3 medications they could possibly give to someone with diabetic neuropathy?

A

pregabalin, duloxetine, tapentadol

27
Q

What is one chronic complication seen commonly in diabetes type 1?

A

complications involving the feet (results of angiopathy, neuropathy, & infection)

28
Q

What are the 2 common chronic complications seen type 2 diabetes?

A

PVD in the lower extremities (gangrene)
Myocardial infarction

29
Q

What is the one common acute complication seen in type 2 diabetes?

A

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

30
Q

What are the 5 common acute complications seen type 1 diabetes?

A
  1. dawn phenomenon
  2. somogyi phenomenon
  3. diabetic ketoacidosis
  4. hypoglycemia
  5. gastroparesis
31
Q

How is the dawn phenomenon defined?

A

rise in blood glucose between 4 am & 8 am

32
Q

How is somogyi phenomenon defined?

A

mix of hypoglycemia during the night with rebound morning rise to hyperglycemia

33
Q

How is diabetic ketoacidosis defined?

A

blood glucose greater than 300, which results in metabolic acidosis

34
Q

What are 2 other names for hypoglycemia?

A

insulin shock or insulin reaction

35
Q

What does epinephrine dependent mean when a patient is hypoglycemic?

A

can fail to raise glucose due to recurrent hypoglycemia & will not receive any warning signs

36
Q

What are 6 S&S seen in DKA?

A

1.Polydipsia
2.Polyuria
3.Confusion
4.kussmaul respirations
5.acetone breath
6.Weakness

37
Q

What is the one important thing to assess in DKA?

A

glasgow coma scale

38
Q

What are 6 S&S of hypoglycemia? (HIWASH)

A
  1. Headache
  2. Irritability
  3. Weakness
  4. Anxious trembling
  5. Sweating
  6. Hunger
39
Q

How is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state defined?

A

critically elevated blood glucose levels, plasma osmolality without ketosis, & dehydration

40
Q

What are the 5 S&S of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state?

A
  1. dehydration
  2. tachycardia
  3. hypotension
  4. polydipsia
  5. altered LOC
41
Q

What is the serum osmolality, pH, & bicarbonate levels in a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state?

A

Serum osmolality is greater than 320
pH is greater than 7.3
bicarbonate is greater than 18

NUR 112- Exam 2 (3 decks)

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