Diabetes Flashcards
List the rapid insulins
Lispro (HumaLog)
Aspart (NovoLog)
Glulisine (Apidra)
List the long acting insulins
Glargine (Lantus)
Detemir (Levemir)
Degludec (Tresiba)
Onset for rapid insulins
10-30 min
Peak for rapid insulins
30 min - 3 hr
Duration of rapid insulins
3-5 hrs
Onset of long acting insulins
0.8-4 hr
Peak of long acting insulins
No peak
Duration of long acting insulins
16-24 hrs
List the types of agents used for T2DM
Biguanides
Sulfonylureas
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitors
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (Incretin Mimetics)
Example of a Biguanide
Metformin (Glucophage)
How does metformin work?
- Increase uptake/use of glucose and decrease insulin resistance (in skeletal muscle; fat tissue)
- Enhances insulin sensitivity
- Reduces liver glucose production
Examples of Sulfonylureas
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Glyburide (Glynase)
Glimepiride (Amaryl)
How do sulfonylureas work?
Increases insulin production (*from the pancreas)
Example of DPP-4 inhibitors
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
How do DPP-4 inhibitors work?
Increase incretin hormone levels (in small intestine)
Increases insulin synthesis and release of insulin from *pancreas
Decreases *liver glucose production
Examples of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (Incretin mimetics)
*Exenetide (Byetta) (with meals)
*Liraglutide (Victoza) (with or without food)
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Major side effect of sulfonylureas
*Hypoglycemia (need to keep source of oral glucose)
How is metformin administered?
PO
How is Amaryl administered?
PO
With food
How is Januvia administered?
PO
How is Byetta administered?
SubQ with meals
Alone or with Metformin in T2DM
How is Victoza administered?
SubQ, with or without meals
Alone or with Metformin in T2DM
How is Trulicity administered?
SubQ
Alone or with Metformin in T2DM
How do GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (Incretin Mimetics) work?
Works in stomach and pancreas
- Delays gastric emptying
- Stimulates insulin secretion from pancreas
