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MRT > DI QUIZ 2 LECTURE 10 1&2 > Flashcards

DI QUIZ 2 LECTURE 10 1&2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is significant about Photostimulable storage phosphor (PSP)

A

located inside CR plate and it’s taken to a reader to be processed (image stored until processing)

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2
Q

What is Photostimulable storage phosphor (PSP)
considered?

A

An indirect digital

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3
Q

Direct Digital Radiography is considered?

A

Indirect acquisition and direct acquisition

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4
Q

Explain indirect acquisition

A

Two step process ( Converts x-ray photons to light through scintillator layer first THEN to electrons )

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5
Q

Photodetector in indirect acquisition does what?

A

Converts light into an electronic signal

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6
Q

Explain Direct Acquisition

A

One step process, Directly converts x-ray photons to an electronic signal

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7
Q

Computed radiography is what type of acquisition

A

Indirect

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8
Q

Direct digital radiography is what type of acquisition

A

Direct

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9
Q

Each pixel has what?

A

a numerical value that determines the brightness and details

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10
Q

Increase the dynamic range (increase bit depth) causes

A

Better contrast resolution

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11
Q

Contrast resolution is

A

The ability to distinguish many shades of grey from black to white (so, more bit depth = more greys with the black/white)

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12
Q

Digital radiography allows us to

A

alter the image

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13
Q

The higher the spatial resolution

A

The higher the number of pixels = better image

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14
Q

Spatial resolution is limited by

A

Pixel size

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15
Q

Fuji uses?

A

S number

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16
Q

Carestream uses?

A

EI (exposure index)

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17
Q

GE uses?

A

DI (deviation index)

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18
Q

Fuji S number range

A

200-400

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19
Q

Carestream EI range

A

1800-2200

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20
Q

GE DI number range

A

-4 to 4

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21
Q

For carestream, doubling/halving exposure changes EI by

A

300

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22
Q

Which has better spatial resolution, direct or indirect acquisition?

A

Direct acquisition (biggest advantage of direct)

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23
Q

Direct acquisition is more common in what type of field?

A

mammography

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24
Q

Dynamic Range

A

Number of brightness values (grey shades)

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25
Q

What identifies dynamic range?

A

bit depth of each pixel

26
Q

What is spatial resolution?

A

detail, ability to distinguish smaller details (such as a small fracture) and ability to see the differences within the anatomy imaged

27
Q

CR plates produce the

A

latent image (invisible image produced by the exposure to light) - which is then processed or shown once produced

28
Q

What captures the latent image?

A

PSP(photo-stimulable phosphor)

29
Q

PSP(photo-stimulable phosphor) explain

A

made of pixels, type of phosphor that can store information generated by X-rays

30
Q

CR is a form of?

A

indirect radiography

31
Q

Want at least how much radiation reaching IR?

A

1mR

32
Q

1 mR is the

A

magic number for a good image

33
Q

Factors affecting CR “s” number

A

plate size, centring, technique, algorithm, collimation, scatter, beam

34
Q

Factors affecting DDR “EI” number

A

collimation, technique, scatter, algorithm, SID (anything that affects the intensity)

35
Q

With CR it is important to what?

A

select plate that matches the anatomy well and to centre (improper centring can lead to faulty S number)

36
Q

High QDE means you can use what?

A

a lower mAs

37
Q

Signal is determined by

A

number of photons reaching IR

38
Q

Regarding signal, more xray photons means

A

higher signal = less noise

39
Q

Regarding signal, less xray photons means

A

lower signal = more noise

40
Q

What does noise limit?

A

contrast resolution

41
Q

“higher signal to noise ratio”

A

means IR saw more photons = better image

42
Q

“lower signal to noise ratio”

A

means IR saw less photons = QM

43
Q

Exposure Indicator helps determine

A

If IR received the right amount of radiation to produce a good image, also predicts if we have a good SNR

44
Q

Digital radiography has better _________ resolution, where film radiography has better ____________ resolution

A

Contrast resolution - digital, and spatial resolution - film

45
Q

Contrast resolution is the

A

ability to see many shades of grey

46
Q

Regarding contrast resolution, More bits

A

higher the contrast resolution

47
Q

What is DQE

A

how well a system captures photons and converts them to electronic signals

48
Q

Higher the DQE =

A

system is better at capturing photons and converting them - so less patient dose and better image

49
Q

Is a DQE or 76%, 88%, or 54% better?

A

88% because it equals a higher DQE = so lower mAs needed = lower patient dose

50
Q

What would a low DQE do?

A

Would need to use a higher mAs to get a good image, so higher patient dose

51
Q

Does indirect acquisition or direct acquisition have higher DQE

A

indirect

52
Q

Why does indirect acquisition have higher DQE

A

use of scintillation layer

53
Q

What is windowing?

A

Adjusting brightness and contrast values / changing pixel values

54
Q

What is window width?

A

Controls contrast

55
Q

What is window level?

A

controls brightness

56
Q

Increased window width =

A

decreased contrast

57
Q

Increased window level

A

increased brightness

58
Q

Examples of post processing

A

adding text/markers, windowing, magnification, inversion, flipping / rotating

59
Q

What does post processing mean

A

Adjusting the image after exposure completed

60
Q
A

MRT (7 decks)

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