DI 2 Final - Nutritional/Metab/Endo Flashcards

1
Q

3 presentations/types of osteoporosis.

A

Generalized (old)
Regional (immobilized)
Localized (infx)

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2
Q

How does generalized osteoporosis present?

A
INC bone radiolucency
Cortical thinning (pencil)
Radiopaque endplates
Trabeculae: no horz, lots vert
Pancake vertebrae
Schmorl's nodes
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3
Q

How does regional osteoporosis present?

A
Acute! Pain!
One area distal to trauma
Hyperemia
Patchy, mottled
Metaphyseal location
NO JT
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4
Q

What’s most common cause of generalized osteoporosis?

A

AGE

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5
Q

What’s standard imaging modality to quantify bone mineral density?

A

DEXA

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6
Q

What causes rickets and osteomalacia?

A

RICKETS: vitamin D DEC

OSTEOMALCIA: ABN Ca, PO4 metab

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7
Q

2 Forms of Rickets?

A

Renal osteodystrophy & tubular defect

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8
Q

What are classic radiographic features of rickets?

A

Osteopenia (bowed)
Wide growth plates
Rachitic rosary (beads sternum)
Paintbrush & cupped metaphyses

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9
Q

What causes scurvy and what are classic radiographic features?

A

DEC Vit C

White line of Frankel (dense zone of provisional calcification)
Wimberger’s sign
Pelken’s spurs**
Trummerfield zone

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10
Q

Classic radiographic features of hyperparathyroidism in spine, skull, hand?

A

Hand: subperiosteal resorption (radial prox/mid phalanx 2-3)
Skull: salt & pepper
Spine: osteopenia, rugger jersey spine

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11
Q

What are the face, skull, foot changes w/acromegaly?

A

Face: prominent forehead, sinus overgrowth*
Skull: lrg sella turcica, malocclusion
Foot: heet pad >20mm*

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12
Q

What osseous changes might long term corticosteroids cause?

A

Osteoporosis of Cushing Dz: thin cortices*, DEC density, deformity, biconcave

Osteonecrosis: femoral/humoral heads, distal femur/talus, gas in vertebra, avascular necrosis, vertebrae collapse*

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