DI 2 Final - Nutritional/Metab/Endo Flashcards
3 presentations/types of osteoporosis.
Generalized (old)
Regional (immobilized)
Localized (infx)
How does generalized osteoporosis present?
INC bone radiolucency Cortical thinning (pencil) Radiopaque endplates Trabeculae: no horz, lots vert Pancake vertebrae Schmorl's nodes
How does regional osteoporosis present?
Acute! Pain! One area distal to trauma Hyperemia Patchy, mottled Metaphyseal location NO JT
What’s most common cause of generalized osteoporosis?
AGE
What’s standard imaging modality to quantify bone mineral density?
DEXA
What causes rickets and osteomalacia?
RICKETS: vitamin D DEC
OSTEOMALCIA: ABN Ca, PO4 metab
2 Forms of Rickets?
Renal osteodystrophy & tubular defect
What are classic radiographic features of rickets?
Osteopenia (bowed)
Wide growth plates
Rachitic rosary (beads sternum)
Paintbrush & cupped metaphyses
What causes scurvy and what are classic radiographic features?
DEC Vit C
White line of Frankel (dense zone of provisional calcification)
Wimberger’s sign
Pelken’s spurs**
Trummerfield zone
Classic radiographic features of hyperparathyroidism in spine, skull, hand?
Hand: subperiosteal resorption (radial prox/mid phalanx 2-3)
Skull: salt & pepper
Spine: osteopenia, rugger jersey spine
What are the face, skull, foot changes w/acromegaly?
Face: prominent forehead, sinus overgrowth*
Skull: lrg sella turcica, malocclusion
Foot: heet pad >20mm*
What osseous changes might long term corticosteroids cause?
Osteoporosis of Cushing Dz: thin cortices*, DEC density, deformity, biconcave
Osteonecrosis: femoral/humoral heads, distal femur/talus, gas in vertebra, avascular necrosis, vertebrae collapse*