DHUBS - TEST 3 - Regions of the Nervous system

Question 1

What are the functions of the the 4 lobes of the brain and what borders separate them?

Answer 1

Frontal Lobe:
Divided from the temporal lobe by the large Sylvian Fissure

Functions:
* Motor – movements, thoughts, speech etc
* Decision making, planning
* Motivation
* Social decisions

Parietal lobe:
Divided from the temporal & occipital lobes by the large Sylvian Fissure and arbitrary boundaries

Functions:
* Somatosensory (body sensation)
* Integration of sensation
* Spatial awareness
* Reading, speech comprehension

Occipital lobe:
Divided from the temporal & parietal lobes by arbitrary boundaries

Function:
* Vision

Temporal Lobe:
Divided from the frontal, parietal & occipital lobes by the large Sylvian Fissure and arbitrary boundaries.

Functions:
* Hearing
* Speech comprehension
* Emotion
* Memory

Question 2

What is the difference between Grey and White Mater?

Answer 2

Grey mater contains more neuronal cell bodies
* Cell bodies are grey in colour

White mater contains more axons
* Fibres (axons) connecting areas of the nervous system
*White colour comes from the myelin surrounding the axons

Question 3

What levels do spinal nerves exit from?

Answer 3

The C1-7 cervical nerves exit above their respective vertebrae.

C8 nerve exits below C7 vertebrae.

T1 and below exit below their respective vertebrae.

The lower the nerve root, the more it descends before exiting.

Question 4

What are the difference between the ventral and dorsal roots and what are the contents of the dorsal root ganglion.

Answer 4

Ventral root contains motor fibres (axons).

Dorsal root contains sensory fibres.

The dorsal root ganglion contains mostly neuron cell bodies of sensory nerve fibres.

Question 5

Name and describe the functions of the long tracts.

Answer 5

Corticobulbar:
Motor innervation to cranial nerves.

Corticospinal:
Voluntary motor functions.

Medial Lemniscus:
Transports messages for light touch and vibration from body.

Anterolateral System:
Carries messages of pain and temperature from body

Question 6

Name and locate the position of the sections of the brainstem.

Answer 6

Medulla: (bottom)
- CN (8), 9 -12

Pons: (middle section)
- CN 5-8

Mesencephalon/midbrain: (top)
- CN 3 and 4

Question 7

What are the structures that make up the Diencephalon?

Answer 7

Thalamus – relays information to the cortex.

Hypothalamus and pituitary – part of the limbic system (emotional brain), hormone regulation, homeostasis.

Question 8

What are the three Plexus’ and what spinal level to they originate from?

Answer 8

Cervical Plexus:
Originate from the nerve roots of C1 to C5.

Brachial Plexus:
Originates from the nerve roots of C5 to T1.

Lumbosacral Plexus:
Originates from the nerve roots of L1 to S5.