Dharavi Flashcards
How many people live on 3km2 of land?
1 million
Where is Mumbai located?
Prime land in the middle of Mumbai (India’s financial centre) in Maharashtra state
When was Dharavi’s slum founded?
1882 when the British colonial government moved locals out of the city centre to develop their governmental + public buildings
What was Dharavi’s original economy?
Originally a small fishing village on an island in a mangrove swamp on the Arabian Sea coast
Why won’t people move? (3)
- multi-generational (4 generations = happy safe community)
- choose to be there
- Mumbai housing is expensive (rent higher than NYC + London)
Why did Dharavi experience hyper-urbanisation? (4)
- primary location for finance
- overlaps CBD
- migration from other regions of India
- followed India’s independence from British Empire 1947
What happened to the marshy ground?
reclaimed by draining and infilling with waste materials e.g., coconut leaves, rotten fish, rubbish - meant the settlement lost its river creek and therefore its original fishing economy
What is Dharavi’s economy based on? (3)
- pottery (from Gujurat state)
- tanneries (Rural-urban migrants from Maharashtra state (local) and migrants from Tamil Nadu (SE India) worked the tanneries
- textiles (Migrants from Uttar Pradesh state (N India) )
$650m annnual turnover
How much of India’s foreign trade did Mumbai account for in 2015?
40%
How many industrial units does Dharavi have?
5,000 garment manufacturing, pottery, steel manufacture, printing, recycling
What are single-room factory rooms like in Dharavi?
Over 15,000 single-room factories employ over 250,000 people
What improvement is needed in Dharavi? (4)
- Sanitation
- Working conditions
- Buildings
- Healthcare/ Education
What do rag pickers do?
collect waste materials like plastic/glass/metals and sell to scrap dealers who in turn sell to factories for processing e.g. plastic bottles into plastic pellets - recycles over 80% of Mumbai’s waste (Mumbai generates >7,000 tonnes of waste a day)
How many people rag-pick in Dharavi?
35,000 (including children)
What is Dharavi’s economies turnover?
estimated to exceed US$1 billion - a huge amount
- many international banks located in south (central bank)
Which sector do most people work in?
90% in the informal sector (no records, no tax paid, no employment/factory regulations) - typical of India as a whole with >90% of all employment and most economic growth taking place within the informal sector
what is the economic activity like?
largely decentralised i.e., it is organised and run from inside Dharavi
e.g call centres
How many people per toilet?
1400
How many people are in poverty?
40%
millionaires live in the slum
Why is there poor health in Dharavi?
diseases like TB spread quickly due to the high population density and poor sanitation - so high death rates
What % are malnourished?
30%
How big is Dharavi slum in comparison to the rest of the world?
3rd
What percentage of plastic is recycled in Mumnbai compared to UK?
Mumbai - 80%
UK - 23%
What is compound 13?
- recycling district in the slum
- materials are separated by hand
How many bags of rubbish are collected per day by Mumbai rag pickers?
1 million bags per day
What are the push factors for Mumbai? (4)
- Flooding 1/2 a million isolated (280 villages)
- Lack of communication infrastructure, 2/3 of population doesn’t have a bank account
- Poor crop yields force farmers into high-interest loans wife gone
- No healthcare / safe drinking water
What are the pull factors for Mumbai?
- Specialised higher paying jobs
- Healthcare and reliable supply of food or water
- Technology
- Social opportunities
what is hyper-urbanisation?
population growth so quickly the city cannot cope with the needs of its population
What is Mumbais population?
3 million - 1950
27 million - 2021
(India’s largest city)
What are the solutions to Dharavi (5)?
- $2 billion dor Dharavi to become tower blocks
- 78 high-rise buildings approved to improve housing
- building codes
- $40 trillion for all cities to become sustainable
- Sanitation initiatives for slums
What are Dharavi tower block issues?
Results in a loss of homes with most opposing and little can be relocated
What are the Mumbais’ issues? (4)
- hyper urbanisation
- Slum communities are common (overcrowded, noisy)
- Polluted waterways
- Infrastructure overwhelmed
What is Dharavi’s social issue due to years of gov neglect?
- Health and safety often neglected by gov
- Many people sleep where they work
What is the average life expectancy in Dharavi?
60 national average 67
What are Dharavis environmental issues?
- Riverways heavily polluted, nothing can survive in it
- Toxic fumes are frequently released
Dharavi economic factors?
- area is valuable located miles from CBD
- Offers economic migrants chance of jobs
- Traditionally involved in textiles and pottery
how many doctors for every 100,000 people?
54
What % live in slums?
60%
How many people is Mumbai’s existing healthcare system designed to treat?
Up to 7 million people
(1/4 of their pop)
Why do TNCs often locate in Mumbai?
Workers are educated and skilled, but are paid less than HIC’s (cheaper labour)
What type of housing is in the wealthy parts of Mumbai? (3)
- High qual apartments (due to land pressure)
- air conditioning
- pools
What is argued that government policies are depriving the poor of their fundamental rights?
Schemes are aimed a wealthy city workers
- e.g railway investments only benefit the wealth + MC
Why has Mumbai produced so many English-speaking IT and engineering graduates?
- The government has invested in university education
- Many English companies have invested also - leading to increased wealth
