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CheMisTrY - Developing Fuels > DF.3 > Flashcards

DF.3 Flashcards

Alkanes and shapes of molecules

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1
Q

What is crude oil a mixture of?

A

Different hydrocarbons.

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2
Q

What is the process called that is used to separate the different lengths of hydrocarbons in crude oil?

A

Fractional distillation.

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3
Q

What type of bonds do carbon atoms form?

A

Covalent bonds.

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4
Q

How many covalent bonds can each carbon atom form?

A

4 bonds.

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5
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Compounds that contain only carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms.

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6
Q

What is shape does a carbon unit have when the carbon forms four bonds with four groups?

A

Tetrahedral.

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7
Q

What is the formula of a benzene ring?

A

C6H6.

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8
Q

What are aromatic compounds?

A

Compounds that contain one or more benzene rings.

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9
Q

What are aromatic compounds generally known as?

A

Arenes

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10
Q

What is the general structure of a benzene ring?

A

A flat ring with delocalized electrons, giving it alternating double bonds between carbon atoms.

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11
Q

What are aliphatic compounds?

A

Compounds that do not contain any benzene rings, they are based on chains of carbon atoms instead.

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12
Q

Hydrocarbons are relatively unreactive, especially alkanes and arenes. How can you change the properties of hydrocarbons?

A

By attaching modifiers to the hydrocarbon framework.

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13
Q

What are functional groups?

A

Modifiers that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of molecules.

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14
Q

What are compounds with a hydroxyl group, -OH known as?

A

Alcohols.

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15
Q

What are compounds with a carbon carbon double bond, C=C known as?

A

Alkenes.

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16
Q

What is it meant when a hydrocarbon is described to be saturated?

A

It means that the hydrocarbon contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible, with no carbon carbon double or triple bonds present.

17
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Saturated.

18
Q

What is the general molecular formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2, where n is the number of carbon atoms, which can be any whole number.

19
Q

What are the first four alkanes, with their molecular formula?

A
  1. Methane, CH4
  2. Ethane, C2H6
  3. Propane, C3H8
  4. Butane, C4H10
20
Q

What are the prefixes for organic molecular naming?

A
  1. Meth-
  2. Eth-
  3. Prop-
  4. But-
  5. Pent-
  6. Hex-
  7. Hept
  8. Oct-
  9. Non-
  10. Dec-
21
Q

What suffix indicated a molecule is an alkane?

A

-ane

22
Q

What does the prefix indicate for alkanes indicate?

A

The number of carbon atoms.

23
Q

What are homologous series?

A

A series of compounds that are related to each other in structure and properties, e.g. alkanes.

24
Q

What are molecules said to be when they have the same molecular formulae but different structural formulae?

A

Structural isomers.

25
Q

Why are there structural isomers?

A

Because chains of carbons can be straight or branched. So it is often possible to draw more than one structural formula for a given molecular formula.

26
Q

What are carbon side groups, sometimes referred to as branches, called?

A

Alkyl groups.

27
Q

What is the general formula for alkyl groups?

A

CnH2n+1

28
Q

What symbol is often used to represent a alkyl group in organic chemistry?

A

R

29
Q

What are the first five alkyl groups and their formula?

A
  1. Methyl, CH3-
  2. Ethyl, C2H5-
  3. Propyl, C3H7-
  4. Butyl, C4H9-
  5. Pentyl, C5H11-
30
Q

What are systematic names of molecules directly related to?

A

The full structural formula of the molecule.

31
Q

What are alkanes with cyclic structures called?

A

Cycloalkane.

32
Q

What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?

A

CnH2n

33
Q

What prefix is used to name cycloalkanes?

A

Cyclo-

34
Q

What state are the first four alkanes in at room temperature?

A

Gas.

35
Q

What state are alkanes with n 5-16 in at room temperature?

A

Liquid.

36
Q

What state are alkanes with n > 17 in at room temperature?

A

Solid.

37
Q

Do alkanes mix well with water?

A

No, they would form two separate layers.

CheMisTrY - Developing Fuels (11 decks)

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