deWit Chapter 36

Question 1

via the veins

Answer 1

intravenous (IV)

Question 2

The average adult needs ____ to ____ mL of fluids in a 24-hour period to replace fluids eliminated by the body

Answer 2

1500 to 2000

Question 3

____ solutions have the same concentration, or osmolality, as blood and are used to expand the body’s fluid volume

Answer 3

Isotonic

Question 4

____ solutions contain less solute than extravascular fluid and may cause fluid to shift out the vascular compartment

Answer 4

Hypotonic

Question 5

____ solutions have a greater tonicity than blood

Answer 5

Hypertonic

Question 6

Do all nurses monitor IV therapy?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

This solution is isotonic. Its uses include: trauma, diabetic ketoacidosis, blood transfusions, hyponatremia

Answer 7

0.9% saline

Question 8

This solution is hypotonic. Its uses include: supplies normal daily salt and water requirements

Answer 8

0.45% saline

Question 9

This solution is isotonic. Its uses include: vehicle for some IV piggyback medications, hyperkalemia

Answer 9

5% dextrose in water

Question 10

This solution is hypertonic. Its uses include: if TPN is abruptly discontinued

Answer 10

10% dextrose in water

Question 11

This solution is hypertonic. Its uses include: early treatment of burns

Answer 11

5% dextrose in 0.9% saline

Question 12

This solution is hypertonic. Its uses include: postop; common maintenance fluid

Answer 12

5% dextrose in 0.45% saline

Question 13

This solution is isotonic. Its uses include: postop; common maintenance fluid

Answer 13

5% dextrose in 0.225% saline

Question 14

This solution is isotonic. Its uses include: trauma, dehydration from severe diarrhea or vomiting

Answer 14

Ringer lactate

Question 15

This solution is hypertonic. Its uses include: burns, dehydration from severe diarrhea or vomiting

Answer 15

5% dextrose in Ringer lactate

Question 16

4 administration sets for IVs:

Answer 16

primary IV sets
secondary, or piggyback, IV sets
parallel, or Y, IV sets
controlled-volume IV sets

Question 17

Tubing is generally changed every __ to __ hours for infection control purposes

Answer 17

24 to 72

Question 18

The primary IV infusion setup usually consists of what?

Answer 18

a bag of solution, a regular tubing set, a needless connector, and an IV stand

Question 19

small dose of medication administered IV

Answer 19

bolus

Question 20

10 to 20 gtt/mL of fluid as specified by the manufacturer. Used for administering IV therapy to most adult patients

Answer 20

Regular drops

Question 21

10 gtt/mL. Used for viscous fluids such as blood. May be used for regular fluids

Answer 21

Macrodrops

Question 22

60 gtt/mL. used when small amounts of fluid are required or when extreme care must be used to measure the exact amount. Most often used for giving IV fluids to infants and children. Recommended for the elderly with fragile veins

Answer 22

Microdrops

Question 23

A slogan that was developed to emphasize the importance of using a sterile alcohol pad with friction and time (15 seconds) when accessing a central line injection port or IV connection. Exceed the standard of care by scrubbing the hub when accessing a peripheral IV line

Answer 23

Scrub the hub

Question 24

introduction of blood components into the bloodstream

Answer 24

transfusion

Question 25

machine that delivers IV fluids at a rate that is set by the nurse

Answer 25

infusion pump

Question 26

tubelike chamber that holds 150 mL of fluid

Answer 26

burette

Question 27

technique of providing needed nutrition intravenously

Answer 27

total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

Question 28

solution is deposited in tissue outside the vein

Answer 28

infiltrated

Question 29

What does PICC stand for

Answer 29

Peripherally inserted central catheters

Question 30

Where are the PICC catheters inserted?

Answer 30

In the larger basilic or cephalic vein of the upper arm

Question 31

What should you do if infiltration occurs?

Answer 31

Discontinue the infusion, remove the catheter, and reestablish another IV line at a different site