deWit Chapter 36 Flashcards
via the veins
intravenous (IV)
The average adult needs ____ to ____ mL of fluids in a 24-hour period to replace fluids eliminated by the body
1500 to 2000
____ solutions have the same concentration, or osmolality, as blood and are used to expand the body’s fluid volume
Isotonic
____ solutions contain less solute than extravascular fluid and may cause fluid to shift out the vascular compartment
Hypotonic
____ solutions have a greater tonicity than blood
Hypertonic
Do all nurses monitor IV therapy?
Yes
This solution is isotonic. Its uses include: trauma, diabetic ketoacidosis, blood transfusions, hyponatremia
0.9% saline
This solution is hypotonic. Its uses include: supplies normal daily salt and water requirements
0.45% saline
This solution is isotonic. Its uses include: vehicle for some IV piggyback medications, hyperkalemia
5% dextrose in water
This solution is hypertonic. Its uses include: if TPN is abruptly discontinued
10% dextrose in water
This solution is hypertonic. Its uses include: early treatment of burns
5% dextrose in 0.9% saline
This solution is hypertonic. Its uses include: postop; common maintenance fluid
5% dextrose in 0.45% saline
This solution is isotonic. Its uses include: postop; common maintenance fluid
5% dextrose in 0.225% saline
This solution is isotonic. Its uses include: trauma, dehydration from severe diarrhea or vomiting
Ringer lactate
This solution is hypertonic. Its uses include: burns, dehydration from severe diarrhea or vomiting
5% dextrose in Ringer lactate
4 administration sets for IVs:
primary IV sets
secondary, or piggyback, IV sets
parallel, or Y, IV sets
controlled-volume IV sets
Tubing is generally changed every __ to __ hours for infection control purposes
24 to 72
The primary IV infusion setup usually consists of what?
a bag of solution, a regular tubing set, a needless connector, and an IV stand
small dose of medication administered IV
bolus
10 to 20 gtt/mL of fluid as specified by the manufacturer. Used for administering IV therapy to most adult patients
Regular drops
10 gtt/mL. Used for viscous fluids such as blood. May be used for regular fluids
Macrodrops
60 gtt/mL. used when small amounts of fluid are required or when extreme care must be used to measure the exact amount. Most often used for giving IV fluids to infants and children. Recommended for the elderly with fragile veins
Microdrops
A slogan that was developed to emphasize the importance of using a sterile alcohol pad with friction and time (15 seconds) when accessing a central line injection port or IV connection. Exceed the standard of care by scrubbing the hub when accessing a peripheral IV line
Scrub the hub
introduction of blood components into the bloodstream
transfusion
machine that delivers IV fluids at a rate that is set by the nurse
infusion pump
tubelike chamber that holds 150 mL of fluid
burette
technique of providing needed nutrition intravenously
total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
solution is deposited in tissue outside the vein
infiltrated
What does PICC stand for
Peripherally inserted central catheters
Where are the PICC catheters inserted?
In the larger basilic or cephalic vein of the upper arm
What should you do if infiltration occurs?
Discontinue the infusion, remove the catheter, and reestablish another IV line at a different site
