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Nursing 1 Fluid, Electrolytes, Acid Base Balance & IV test > deWit Chapter 25 > Flashcards

deWit Chapter 25 Flashcards

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1
Q

Minerals or salts that are dissolved in body fluid

A

Electrolytes

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2
Q

The body has __ to ___ L of circulating blood volume, depending on body size and sex

A

4 to 6

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3
Q

within the cell

A

intracellular

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4
Q

outside of the cell

A

extracellular

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5
Q

removal of water from a tissue

A

dehydration

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6
Q

decreased volume of plasma

A

hypovolemia

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7
Q

Normal range of Sodium

A

135-145 mEq/L

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8
Q

Normal range of Potassium

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

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9
Q

Normal range of Calcium

A

8.4-10.6 mg/dL

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10
Q

Normal range of Magnesium

A

1.3-2.1 mg/dL

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11
Q

Normal range of Phosphate

A

2.7-4.5 mg/dL

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12
Q

Normal range of Chloride

A

96-106 mEq/L

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13
Q

Normal range of Bicarbonate

A

22-26 mEq/L

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14
Q

The process by which substances move back and forth across the membrane until they are evenly distributed throughout the available space

A

Diffusion

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15
Q

Refers to the movement of pure solvent (liquid) across a membrane

A

Osmosis

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16
Q

of equal solute concentration

A

isotonic

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17
Q

of greater concentration

A

hypertonic

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18
Q

of less concentration

A

hypotonic

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19
Q

The movement of water and suspended substances outward through a semipermeable membrane

A

Filtration

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20
Q

pressure exerted by fluid

A

hydrostatic pressure

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21
Q

____ ______ may move substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

A

Active transport

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22
Q

degree of elasticity

A

turgor

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23
Q

Signs of overhydration

A

weight gain, crackles in the lungs, slow bounding pulse, elevated blood pressure, and possibly edema

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24
Q

excessive blood volume

A

hypervolemia

25
Q

an excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid

A

edema

26
Q

In ambulatory patients the excessive fluid tends to accumulate where?

A

lower extremities

27
Q

In the bedridden patient the excessive fluid accumulates where?

A

the sacral region

28
Q

A deficit of sodium in the blood is called ______. (<135 mEq/L)

A

hyponatremia

29
Q

abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity

A

ascities

30
Q

When the serum sodium concentration rises above 145 mEq/L, a state of _______ occurs

A

hypernatremia

31
Q

excess of acid or depletion of alkaline substances in the blood and body tissues

A

acidosis

32
Q

When the potassium level falls below 3.5 mEq/L, _____ exists

A

hypokalemia

33
Q

Foods high in potassium

A

Apricots, avocados, bananas, cantaloupe, codfish, dates, meats, milk, orange juice, oranges, potatoes, raisins, salmon, tuna

34
Q

When the serum potassium level rises above 5.0 mEq/L, a state of ______ exists

A

hyperkalemia

35
Q

When the calcium level drops below 8.4 mg/dL, _______ occurs

A

hypocalcemia

36
Q

excess of alkaline or decrease of acid substances in the blood and body fluids

A

alkalosis

37
Q

When the serum calcium level is above 10.6 mg/dL, _____ occurs

A

hypercalcemia

38
Q

this is an important substance in maintaining acid base balance

A

bicarbonate

39
Q

The normal serum pH is _____ to _____

A

7.35 to 7.45

40
Q

When the chloride level is below 96 mEq/L, _____ occurs

A

hypochloremia

41
Q

When the chloride level is above 106 mEq/L, ____ occurs

A

hyperchloremia

42
Q

______ occurs when the level of phosphate falls below 2.7 mg/dL

A

Hypophosphatemia

43
Q

When the phosphate level is above 4.5 mg/dL, _____ occurs

A

Hyperphosphatemia

44
Q

An increase in hydrogen ions results in _____ (decrease in pH)

A

acidosis

45
Q

A decrease in hydrogen ions results in ______ (increase in pH)

A

alkalosis

46
Q

a rapid respiratory rate

A

hyperventilation

47
Q

The normal range of bicarbonate is __ to __ mEq/L

A

22 to 26

48
Q
  • An excessive loss of bicarbonate ions or an increased production or retention of hydrogen ions leads to this
  • The loss of bicarbonate ions with diarrhea is a cause of this
  • Occurs when large amounts of acid are produced within the body
A

Metabolic acidosis

49
Q

*Hyperventilation results in this

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

50
Q

*Carbon dioxide levels increase in a variety of disorders, including acute problems such as airway obstruction, pneumonia, asthma, or chest injuries. Increased levels are also seen in patients taking opiates, which depress the respiratory rate. Chronic respiratory acidosis is prevalent among people with COPD

A

Respiratory acidosis

51
Q

Characterized by severe muscle cramps, carpopedal spasms, laryngeal spasms, and stridor (shrill, harsh sound on inspiration)

A

tetany

52
Q

*Slow, shallow respirations
*Respiratory congestion or obstruction
pH < 7.35
Paco2 > 45 mm Hg

A

respiratory acidosis

53
Q

*Shock (poor circulation)
*Diabetic ketoacidosis
*Renal failure
*Diarrhea
pH < 7.35
HCO3- <22 mEq/L

A

metabolic acidosis

54
Q

Hyperventilation
pH > 7.45
Paco2 < 35 mm Hg

A

respiratory alkalosis

55
Q

*Vomiting
*Excessive antacid intake
*Hypokalemia
pH > 7.45
HCO3- >26 mEq/L

A

metabolic acidosis

56
Q

Daily fluid intake in the adult must be at least ____ mL/day to maintain homeostasis

A

1500

57
Q

What are the causes of edema?

A

Kidney failure, heart failure, liver failure, and hormonal disorders

58
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms that control pH in the body?

A

The blood buffer system, the lungs, and the kidneys

59
Q

Fluid restriction is often necessary for the patient who has ___ ____ _____

A

excess fluid volume

Nursing 1 Fluid, Electrolytes, Acid Base Balance & IV test (2 decks)

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