DevPsych Exam 3 Flashcards
id
drives, instincts, desires
ego
the self
- rational, logical, problem-solving
superego
conscience
- morality, avoid guilt
psychoanalytic stage 1 and erogenous zone
oral stage, first year
- id
- mouth (nursing)
- by 12 months, ego established
psychoanalytic stage 2 and erogenous zone
anal stage, 1-3 years
- anus
- conflict, pooping in toilet not diaper
psychoanalytic stage 3 and erogenous zone
Phallic stage, 3-6 years
- phallus (genitals)
- oedipus (boy attracted to mom, girl attracted to dad) complex
- superego: from internalization of same-sex parent’s standards
psychoanalytic stage 4 and erogenous zone
latency period, 6-12 years
- sexual urges repressed
- acceptable pursuits
psychoanalytic stage 5 and erogenous zone
genital stage, 12 and beyond
- sexual energy re-emerges
- ego
Fixation
- unconscious
- fundamental need of stage not met; becomes fixated on that need
regression
going back to earlier stage under pressure
repression
push into unconscious, snap at someone
Freud
psychoanalytic theories
Erikson
Psychoanalytic development
erikson stage 1
trust vs mistrust
- 0-1 years
erikson stage 2
autonomy vs shame and doubt
- 1-3 1/2 years
erikson stage 3
initiative vs guilt
- 4-6 years
erikson stage 4
industry vs inferiority
- 6-puberty
erikson stage 5
identity vs role confusion
- adolescence to early adulthood
erikson stage 6
intimacy vs isolation
- young adulthood
erikson stage 7
generativity vs stagnation
- middle adulthood
erikson stage 8
integrity vs despair
- old age
classical conditioning
watson
- “a dozen infants, white rabbit and loud noise”
operant conditioning
skinner
- reinforcement
systematic desensitization to phobias
lady who was afraid of cats
Imitation
bandura
- imitation is a powerful force in socialization
- “modeling”
- Bobo doll study
vicarious reinforcement
more imitation over when MODEL rewarded
Dodge’s Theory
social problem solving (or social information processing)
children who get along well with peers have…
- social cues
- goals
- effective strategies
Dweck
self-attributions and achievement motivation
mastery oriented
success due to high ability, failure due to low effort of difficult task, can be improved with effort, high expectancy of success, persistence at challenging tasks
Learned helplessness
success due to luck, failure due to low ability, cannot be improved through effort, low expectancy of success, avoidance of challenging tasks
microsystem
personal relationships
mesosystem
connections among microsystems
exosystem
settings that children are not directly part of but that still influence their development
macrosystem
larger context of society
chronosystem
changes in culture over time
Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model
Considers the influence of all aspects of the environment, including fabric of society
happiness
social smiles
- 2-3 months
fear
stranger anxiety, separation anxiety
- 7-8 months
anger/frustration distinct from other negative emotions
12 months
sadness
12 months
self-conscious / second order emotions (guilt, shame, pride)
2 years
social competence
Skills to achieve personal goals in social interactions while maintaining positive relationships
development of emotional regulation
- shift from caregiver to self-regulation through behavioral strategies
- cognitive strategies
- selection of appropriate regulatory strategies
parents direct (explicit) reactions to children’s emotional predict
- development of emotion regulation
- socialization of emotion display
- development of self-esteem
— emotional validation
