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Devolution Flashcards

1
Q

Define devolution

A

Transfer of political power from central gov

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2
Q

Primary legislative power

A

Authority to make laws on devolved policy areas

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3
Q

Which is the most powerful devolved institution

A

Scottish Parliament

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4
Q

What primary powers does the Scottish Parliament have

A

Law making in devolved matters and tax raising powers

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5
Q

What did wales gain after the 2011 referendum

A

Primary legislative authority

Gained tax powers under wales act 2017

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6
Q

What prompted the growth of nationalism in wales and Scotland

A

Revival of national cultures

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7
Q

Which parties made electoral breakthrough in Westminster

A

SNP and Plaid Cymru

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8
Q

Which prime minister responded to the growth in nationalism

A 
James Callaghan(1976-79) 
Held referendums
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9
Q

What was the result of the 1979 Welsh referendum

A

No- only 20% backed an assembly

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10
Q

What was the result of the 1979 Scottish referendum

A

52% supported devolution

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11
Q

Why was a Scottish assembly not created even though the vote ‘yes’ got 52%

A

Gov said 40% of the Scottish electorate had to vote yes

Only 33%

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12
Q

Which government after Callaghan held more referendums to approve policy for devolution

A

Blair gov

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13
Q

What were voters asked in the Blair referendums

A

If they supported a Scottish Parliament+ tax varying powers

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14
Q

What % of people supported a Scottish Parliament

A

74.3%

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15
Q

What % of people supported tax varying powers for the Scottish Parliament

A

63.5%

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16
Q

What % of people supported a welsh assembly

A

50.3% (turnout of 50.2%)

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17
Q

How many members does the Scottish Parliament have

A

129

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18
Q

What system is used to elect Scottish MPs

A

Additional members system

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19
Q

How many MSP are elected in single member constituencies using the FPTP

A

73 MSPs- 57% of total

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20
Q

How many MSP are elected using AMS

A
  1. (43%)
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21
Q

What is used to elect the Northern Ireland assembly

A

Single transferable vote

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22
Q

Scotland Act 1998

A

Scottish Parliament got primary legislative powers in law,health,education,transport,environment and economic development

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23
Q

How much could the Scottish Parliament raise tax by?

A

3%

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24
Q

Scotland Act 2012

A

Scottish Parliament has power to Scottish rate of income tax higher or lower than rest if uk

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25
Scotland Act 2016
Gave Scottish Parliament 50% of VAT revenue in Scotland | Had control of £15 billion
26
Name some powers ‘reserved’ to Westminster
Constitution Foreign policy Defence and national security
27
What does the 2016 Scotland Act state about Westminster’s involvement in devolved powers
Not legislate on devolved matters without consent SP ‘permanent part of UK constitutional arrangement’ Can’t be abolished unless approved in referendum in Scotland
28
What was the SNP campaigning on in the independence referendum in 2014
Own written constitution+ responsibility for welfare, foreign+defence policy Queen remain head of state
29
Who supported the pro union campaign
Lab, cons and Lib Dem’s | Called better together
30
What did the pro union campaign argue
That Scot enjoyed extensive devolution + benefits of union
31
When was the Scottish referendum held
18th September 2014
32
What was the result of the 2014 Scottish referendum
55. 3% no | 44. 7% yes (1.6 mill)
33
Turnout Scottish referendum
84.5%
34
What demographic votes for leave in the independence referendum
``` Men more likely to vote for independence Working class more likely independence+ aged under 55 ```
35
What welfare benefits did Scotland get in the 2016 Act
Disability living allowance ‘Bedroom tax’ Personal independence payment
36
When are election held in wales
Was every 4 now every 5 due to wales act
37
Who’s been in power in the welsh assembly
Labour, alone or in coalition
38
What did the government of wales act 2006 enable
Ask for more power from Westminster, allowed it to have primary legislative power if vote yes in a referendum
39
The 2011 welsh referendum result
64% yes | Support for independence is only 10%
40
What Commission was set up to consider transferring more powers to the welsh assembly
Silk commission
41
What did the 2017 welsh act create related to tax
Control over a portion (10p in the pound)
42
What did wales want devolved but Westminster didn’t agree
Policing and justice
43
Describe communal conflict in Northern Ireland
Unionists and nationalists | Nationalist=greater role in for RoI affairs in NI
44
What religion do unionists tend to be
Protestant
45
What % of catholics made up the Protestant population
45% in 2011
46
Describe the distinctive party system in Northern Ireland
Elections between union+national Main issue is constitutional status Other parties don’t field candidates
47
Describe security in Northern Ireland
IRA cease fire but other republican groups still active
48
Describe Northern Ireland’s separate system of government
1922-1972 only part of uk to have own Parliament | Devolution in NI designed so U+N parties share power
49
Good Friday Agreement
1998 Established power sharing devolution Constitution amended to establish position of NI
50
How many members are in the Northern Ireland Assembly
108 members
51
How are Northern Ireland assembly members elected
Single transferable vote
52
Ahead of the 2020 election, the number of members in the NI assembly is to be cut to what?
90
53
What powers does the NI assembly have
Primary legislative | Not major tax raising powers
54
What tax power was devolved to NI in 2015
Corporation tax
55
Who is the minister in NI
Leader of the biggest oarty
56
How are ministerial posts allocated in NI assembly
Proportionally according to party strength
57
Which two parties in Northern Ireland have shared power since 2007
DUP and Sinn Fèin
58
When did the NI assembly collapse
2017 | Sinn Fein refused to nominate new deputy first minister
59
What three solutions have been suggested over how England should be governed
English Parliament English vote for English laws Elected regional assemblies
60
Arguments for having an English Parliament
Complete uk devolution More coherent system of devolution Political and institutional expression to English identity and interests
61
Arguments against the creation of an English Parliament
Additional layer of gov-tension wi English Parliament+ uk gov Wouldn’t create coherent system as England way bigger Limited support for it
62
% of people in England who think UK Parliament would be good- (British social attitudes)
50% in 2015
63
% of people in England who think regional assemblies would be good (British social attitudes survey)
22% 2015
64
% of people in England who think English Parliament would be good (British social attitudes survey)
20% 2015
65
What is the West Lothian question?
Why should Scottish MPs be able to vote on English matters at Westminster when English MPs cannot vote on matters devolved to the Scottish Parliament?
66
Who raised the West Lothian question
``` Tam Dalyell (was labour MP for West Lothian) Raised during devolution debates in 1970s ```
67
Give an example of a piece of legislation that only passed due to Scottish MPs voting
Foundation hospitals | University tuition fees
68
What did Scottish MPs argue in relation to voting on English matters
bills included clauses relating to Scotland | Changes to public spending in England would affect spending in Scotland
69
Which party argues for EVEL
Cons
70
EVEL
Special procedures in HoC for dealing with legislation that affects only England
71
What Commission was set up to examine the issue of EVEL
McKay commission
72
Which government introduced the McKay commission
Cons-lib dem coalition
73
In 2013 what did the McKay commission recommend
Parliamentary procedures are adopted so majority of English MPs needed to pass leg that only effects England
74
When did MPs vote to amend standing orders of the House of Commons to introduce EVEL
October 2015
75
What did the new procedures provide in Parliament for English bills
‘Double veto’ | Bills said to be England only by the speaker are considered by grand committee where they can be vetoed
76
What do critics argue about EVEL in regards to MPs
Creates new classes of MPs
77
Why does EVEL pose s problem within the commons
Difficult for Parliament with small majority | 6/19 govs elected since 1945 have had enough MPs from England to have a majority
78
Which government planned to create a directly elected regional assemblies
Blair
79
Why were Blair’s plans for regional assemblies dropped
78% voted no 2004 on should their be an assembly in North East England
80
What were some of the arguments in favour of devolution to English regions
Decision making closer to people Areas e.g cornwall have strong regional identity Balanced devolution settlement
81
What were some of the arguments in against devolution to English regions
Would break up England Tension regional+local gov Little public support
82
In regards to English devolution what do labour and conservatives now support
Exec devolution, some functions transferred | No law making power+no elected assemblies

UK Politics (AK) (5 decks)

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