Deviance Past Paper Questions (bullet pointed) Flashcards
Identify three examples of deviance in sport and describe a different strategy that could be used to combat each one. (6 marks)
Illegal gambling - Punishments made harsher/ more laws
Illegal drug use - WADA / random testing/ education/ punishments
Spectator violence - Banning orders/ CCTV/ increased security
Why have cyclists in the Tour de France used these types of drugs (PED’s)? (2 marks)
- Win at all costs mentality
- Fame and fortune
- Pressure from coaches
- Everyone does it
- Can train harder
How might the use of illegal drugs affect the sport of cycling? (3 marks)
- Loss of sponsors
- Loss or parcicipangts
- Loss of spectators/ supporters
- Negative media coverage
- Required to improve detection and monitoring of PED’s
Give two strategies which could be used to prevent player violence in sport. (2 marks)
- More punishment
- Teach about the importance of role modelling
- Teach anger management
- Put emphasis on fair play
- Coach assertion rather than aggression
- Train officials
Give two reasons why crowds of spectators are sometimes violent at sporting events. (2 marks)
- Frustration
- Hooliganism
- Importance of game
- Imitaion of players
- Deindividuation
Explain why gambling is becoming such a problem in modern sport. (4 marks)
- Increased likelihood of match fixing
- Players can develop gambling problems
- Can lead to addiction
- Gambling companies provide sponsorship
- Volume of adverts increasing
- Easy access to online betting
- Rise in illegal betting
Using examples, explain why sports have been unable to eliminate the use of performance enhancing drugs. (6 marks)
- Win at all cost attitude remains
- Commercialisation increases incentives to cheat (Lance Armstrong)
- Others are doing it, levels playing field (cycling)
- Doping technology is ahead of prevention (EPO undetectable in 90’s)
- Athletes can miss two tests without any punishment
- State sponsored programmes (Russia)
Define the term ‘match fixing’ and give an example of when match fixing has occured in sport. (2 marks)
When a sports competition is played to a result that is partly or completely predetermined.
E.g. Stephen Lee in snooker
Other than enhanced performance and possibly receiving a ban, describe consequences of using drugs in sport. (5 marks)
- Disqualification/ fined/ stripped of medals
- Poor role modelling
- Physiological damage
- Psychological damage
- Gain an unfair advantage
- Breaks sporting values
- Status of sport or nation is lowered
- Other athletes feel forced to do the same
Identify one example of an illegal drug used by a sports performer to enhance performance and state one implication of such drug taking on society. (2 marks)
EXAMPLES:
- Anabolic steroids
- Metabolites
- EPO
- Beta blockers
IMPLICATION ON SOCIETY:
- Results more important than ethics
- Ban all athletes who use drugs
- Enable more effective drug testing
- Creates negative role models
Describe two social implications of violence in sport. (2 marks)
- Sports performers are high profile so behaviour may be copied
- Can put parents off letting their children participate
- Can lead to violence amongst spectators
- Sport reflects on society
- May be a result of other frustrations
