Developmental Theories: Erickson's 8 stages of development

Question 1

Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 1

Age: 0-1
* Sufficient supplies enable infant to be assured of care. Soothing so not overwhelmed by stimuli. Outer predictability and inner certainty of mother.

Question 2

Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame

Answer 2

Age: 1-3
Verbal and conceptual stimulation. Language develops. Permission to explore with protection against danger. Supports of growth. Capacity to move away from. Beginning differentiation.

Question 3

Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer 3

Age: 3-6
Beginning move away from home. Permission for exploration. Play with peers. Learning about wider world outside of home. Pride in self and achievements separate from parents. Superego development. Self definition.

Question 4

Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 4

Age: 6-1`3
Conformity in the educational institution at the sacrifice of some creativity and imagination. Intellectual and social mastery begins. Cooperation with others (peers and teachers) is signal.

Question 5

Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion

Answer 5

Age: 13-18
Partial separation from parents. Peer relationships are primary. Sexual identity is confirmed. Conformity within group. Development of vocational goal. Second individuation phase.

Question 6

State 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer 6

Age: 18-21
Leaving home. Development of a career. Developing an intimate relationship. Reciprocal commitment to sex, role identity, occupation, social role.

Question 7

Stage 7: Generativity Vs. Stagnation

Answer 7

Age: 21-65

Achievement of stable new family. Achievement and productivity in vocational area.

Question 8

Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Answer 8

Age: 65+
Acceptance of mortality. Satisfaction with previous life roles. Opportunity for further self development. Adequacy in dealing with loss (death and illness).

Question 9

Psychosocial theory

Answer 9

personality develops as a result of interaction with and mastery of the social and environment with a progressive development throughout the life cycle.

Question 10

Reality testing

Answer 10

accurate perception of external environment and internal world.

Question 11

Judgment

Answer 11

Capacity to act appropriately (depends on accurate perception and evaluation of a given circumstance)

Question 12

sense of reality of world and of self

Answer 12

experiences one self in relation to others while maintaining distinct boundaries.

Question 13

regulatory control of impulses drives and effects

Answer 13

ability to modulate, delay, inhibit or control expression in accord with reality. Ability to tolerate intense, unpleasant emotions without becoming overwhelmed.