Developmental theories Flashcards
Erik Erickson - Trust vs Mistrust
Birth - 1yr (infancy)
If needs are dependably met, will develop a sense of basic trust or lack of confidence in care of others
Erik Erickson - Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
1 - 3 yrs (Toddlers)
Learn to be self sufficient in activities and exercise their will (I.E., toileting/feeding) or doubt their own abilities
Erik Erickson - Initiative vs Guilt
3 - 6 years (Preschool)
Children want to take on adult-like activities, and initiate and carry out tasks or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent
Erik Erickson - Industry vs Inferiority
Elementary school - 6 yr to puberty
Learn pleasures of applying themselves or they will feel inferior
Learn to be productive in mastering new skills or feel unable to do anything well
Erik Erickson - Identity vs Role confusion
Adolescence
Who am I? Establish identities or are confused about who they are
Piaget - Sensorimotor
0 -2 yrs
Lack object permanence
Most action reflexive
Experiences world through senses/centered on body
Piaget - Preoperational
2 - 7 yrs
Ability to pretend
Egocentrism
Thoughts and symbols
Lacks logic
Piaget - Concrete Operational
7 - 12 yrs
Abstract logic
Internalize thoughts/reflection
Mathematical operations
Solves concrete problems
Piaget - Formal Operational
12 - 18 yrs
Abstract reasoning
Rational
Can find truth beyond appearances
Deductive
Kohlberg - Preconventional
Infancy (<3 years is premoral)
Early childhood (< age 9)
Stage 1 - Punishment and obedience
Behave to avoid punishment
Stage 2 - Instrumental - exchange
Behaves to gain reward
Kohlberg - Conventional
Middle childhood (> age 9)
Stage 1 - Good boy/girl
Behave for approval
Stage 2 - Law and order
Behave to avoid getting caught
Kohlberg - Postconventional
Adolescence
Behaves in accordance with social norms
