Developmental Psychology Unit 3 Flashcards
Puberty
Years of rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that end childhood, producing a person of adult size, shape, and sexuality
Menarche
First menstrual period signaling ovulation
How does family stress and conflict affect the onset of puberty?
Hastens in girls
For boys, what is the usual sequence of physical changes of puberty?
Growth of testes, pubic hair, penis, spermarche
For girls, what is the usual sequence of physical changes of puberty?
Growth of breasts, pubic hair, growth spurt, menarche
First hormones to begin puberty?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
First signs of growth spurt?
Increased appetite and weight
What is the last body part to grow from the growth spurt?
Torso
Primary sex characteristics
Parts of the body directly involved in reproduction
Secondary sex characteristics
Physical traits not directly involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity
Adolescent egocentrism
Adolescents focus on themselves and on what others think of them
At what age does the brain fully mature?
25
Imaginary audience
Other people are watching and taking note of appearance, ideas, and behavior
Invincibility fable
Idea that death will not occur unless it is destined
Formal operational thought
Piaget’s 4th stage characterized by more systematic logical thinking and by the ability to understand and systematically manipulate abstract concepts
What question(s) are crucial for adolescent personality development?
Who am I?
Identity vs. role confusion
Discovering oneself or confused about who to be/who they are
Identity achievement
When people know who they are as unique individuals, combining past experiences and future plans
Role confusion
No clear identity, fluctuating from one persona to another
Foreclosure
Adopt parents’ or society’s’ roles and values without questioning
Negative identity
Rejecting all elder’s values without questioning
Achievement
Finding identity
Moratorium
Choice of a socially acceptable way to postpone making identity-achievement decisions
Diffusion
Don’t explore or commit to an identity
What is subject or source of most bickering between parents and teenagers?
Curfews, clothing, cleanliness, activities
What are the most common drugs taken by adolescents?
Tobacco and alcohol
Peer pressure
Being pushed by friends to do something that wouldn’t normally do alone
Emerging adulthood
18-25
Early emerging adulthood biological or physical health characteristics
Reproductive system, motor skills, strength, and lung capacity all at best
Fertility during emerging adulthood
A woman in her 20s has a 25-30% chance of getting pregnant every month. Fertility generally starts to reduce when a woman is in her early 30s, and more so after the age of 35. By age 40, the chance of getting pregnant in any monthly cycle is around 5%
Postformal thinking
A person gains the ability to synthesize opposing ideas or feelings into a more complete understanding.
What is the 2nd fastest time development of the brain?
From birth to age 5
What are factors of lifelong personality development?
Physical environment, hereditary, experiences, and culture
Intimacy
Closeness between 2 people
Intimacy vs. isolation
Seek someone to share life with in an enduring and self-sacrificing way otherwise feel alone and isolated
Organ reserve
Extra power that each organ employs when needed
Homeostasis
A balance between various body reactions that keeps every physical function in sync with every other
Allostasis
Dynamic body adjustment that gradually changes body function
What is the relationship of social networking on social isolation in emerging adulthood?
An adult who spends 2+ hours on social media feels more isolated
Dualism
Knowledge is received, not questioned
Multiplicity
More than one solution to a problem or not solution, opinions matter
Relativism
Knowledge is contextual, evaluate evidence
Commitment
Integration of knowledge from other sources with personal experience and reflection, commit to values
Cohabitation
2 people living together in a romantic way
Adulthood covers what years or decades of life (age range)
Young - 20-39, Middle - 40-59, Old - 60-75, Old old - 75+
Before age 65 what percent experience brain loss or problems?
40%
Effect of coping on aging and stress
More difficult to cope because body can’t handle it the way it used to
Sternberg 3 forms of intelligence
Practical, creative, and analytical intelligence
Expertise
A high level of skill or knowledge
Selective optimization of compensation
A lifespan model of psychological and behavioral management for adaptation to changes related to human development and for adaptation to age-related gains and losses
Expertise has what effect
Occurs when the relative effectiveness of different learning conditions reverses with changes in the level of learner expertise
Fluid intelligence
Capacity to learn new ways of solving problems
Fertility factors of adulthood
Age, previous pregnancy, caffeine, timing and frequency of intercourse, lifestyle, duration of subfertility, weight, smoking
Middle adulthood physical changes
Gray hair, wrinkles, thick waist, hearing loss, worsening vision
First signs of aging?
Skin changes, hair loss or gray hair, sunken cheeks
Menopause
Menstruation cycle stops
Exercise effects on aging
Improves heart, lungs, bones, brain, muscles, and mood
Crystal vs. fluid intelligence
Fluid intelligence is the ability to process new info, learn, and solve problems and crystallized intelligence is stored knowledge accumulated over years
Adult intelligence increases in what areas or domains?
Acquired knowledge or by processes involved in reasoning and memory, especially working memory
