Developmental Psychology Rationalization Flashcards
The reflex used by researchers to conclude that hearing is almost fully developed at birth is
Sucking reflex
What study supported the idea that infants can hear prenatally
“Cat in the Hat study”
It occurs after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked
Babinski/Plantar Reflex
Sense/s that are fully developed at birth
Smell, Taste, Touch and Pain
Sense/s that are almost fully developed at birth
Hearing
Sense/s that are poorly developed at birth
Vision
“The relation of the child to the object early on in life serves as the prototype for later interpersonal relationships”
Melanie Klein
This theorist originally proposed a critical period of 2 and a half years for the child to form an attachment, but later on revised and proposed a sensitive period of five years
John Bowlby
is known for “Psychological Birth”
Margaret Mahler
known for the stages of Separation Anxiety
John Bowlby
known for “Imprinting”
Konrad Lorenz
the strict span of years that you need to develop a milestone, else there are no more chances for the milestone to develop
Critical Period
Critical period for a child to form attachment according to John Bowlby
5 years
Also known as “Window of opportunity”
Sensitive Period
is less rigid and has a larger span to develop the milestone, and even if the span of time has been missed, there will be other opportunities to meet the milestone later on
Sensitive Period
a complex set of reflexes and signaling behavior that bring out behaviors that bring about caregiving responses from adults.
Attachment Behavior System
A stage of separation anxiety wherein upon the disappearance of the caregivers the infant will cry, and will resists soothing from others
Protest
A stage of separation anxiety wherein when the separation is prolonged, the infant becomes quiet, sad, passive, and apathetic
Despair
A stage of separation anxiety wherein the infants become emotionally detached from other people.
Detachment
It refers to the reproductive success of the species from one generation to another
Law of Natural Selection
He proposed that natural selection is referred to as survival of the fittest in which organisms that are stronger and at the top of the chain have the better chance of surviving
Herbert Spencer
The law of natural selection has been referred to by spencer as:
Principle of survival of the fittest
Stages of Psychological Birth
Normal Autism
Normal Symbiosis
Separation-Individuation
A stage of psychological birth wherein the newborn infant satisfies various needs within the all-powerful protective orbit of a mother’s care
Normal Autism
span of time for the “Normal Autism Stage”
birth to 3-4 weeks
Likened to an unhatched bird egg (Psychological Birth)
Normal Autism
A stage of psychological birth wherein the infant behaves and functions as though he and his mother were on omnipotent system
Normal Symbiosis
a dual unity within one common boundary. The shell is now beginning to crack (Psychological Birth)
Normal Symbiosis
The span of time for the “Normal Symbiosis” stage
4-5 weeks to 4-5 months
A stage of psychological birth wherein children becomes psychologically separated from their mothers, achieve a sense of individuation and identity
Separation-Individuation
Stages of Separation-Individuation
Differentiation
Practicing
Rapprochement
Libidinal Object Constancy
Stage of Separation-Individuation wherein the body breaks away from the mother-infant symbiotic relationship. Begins to display responses indicative of recognition of the mother
Differentiation
Stage of Separation-Individuation wherein infants begin to move away from their mothers due to increased autonomous functions, but keeps a close distance
Practicing
Stage of Separation-Individuation wherein children must develop a constant inner representation of their mother so that they can tolerate being physically separate from her
Libidinal Object Constancy
Elements of preoperational thought
Pretend Play
Egocentrism
Centration, not conservation
Animism
Artificialism
Transductive reasoning
Learn and represent learning
Pretend Play
Belief that other people have same thoughts/perceptions they do
Egocentrism
focusing on only one characteristic of an object to the exclusion of others
Centration, not conservation
Belief that inanimate objects are capable of actions and have lifelike qualities
Animism
Belief that environmental characteristics can be attributed to human actions or interventions
Artificialism
Inferring connections between unrelated situations
Transductive reasoning
Jean Piaget’s Moral Reasoning
Moral Reasoning
Heteronomous Morality
Autonomous Morality
the application of principles of logic to moral issues in order to decide which actions are right or wrong, just or unfair
Moral reasoning
rules are understood as fixed, unchangeable aspects of social reality (subordination to authority)
Heteronomous morality
children see riles as products of cooperative agreements
Autonomous Morality
Neo-Piagetians conceptualized
Theory of central conceptual structures
Contexts of development
Normative age-graded influences
Normative history-graded influences
Normative sociocultural-graded influences
Nonnormatiave influences
changes experienced by people in a certain age group
Normative age-graded influences
changes experienced by people alive at a certain time
Normative history-graded influences
social and cultural factors present at a particular time
Normative sociocultural-graded influences
individual experiences
Nonnormative experiences
the ______________ emphasizes the central role of experience in the learning process.
Experiential Learning Theory
The four-stage process of Experiential Learning theory
Concrete Learning
Reflective Observation
Abstract Conceptualization
Active Experimentation
In ELT , prefers to work in groups, listening with an open mind and receiving personalized feedback
Diverging
In ELT , prefers reading, lectures, and exploring analytical models
Assimilating
In ELT , prefers to experiment with new ideas, simulations, and lab experiments.
Converging
In ELT, prefers to do field work, and test our different approaches to completing a project.
Accommodating
process of socialization and personality development through the person’s participation in increasingly diverse and complex social roles
Social Role Theory
this perspective offers a framework for understanding and explaining how changing societal conditions and social forces influence development through life
Life Course Theory
It refers to the integration and sequencing of phases of education, work, and family life over time
Life Course Theory
long-term path of one’s life experiences in a specific domain (work, studies, family life)
Trajectory
component within the trajectory marked by the beginning or close of an event
Transition
