developmental psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

dominant gene

A

more active in influencing a trait

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2
Q

recessive gene

A

recede/fade into background when paired with a dominant gene

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3
Q

chromosomes

A

rod shaped structures found in the nucleus of the cell with highly wound strands of genes

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4
Q

monozygotic

A

identical twins

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5
Q

dizygotic

A

fraternal twins

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6
Q

3 stages of development

A

germinal
embryonic
foetal

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7
Q

germinal period

A
fertilization- 2 weeks
zygote divides and moves down uterus 
forms a ball and attaches to the cell wall
placenta forms
cells begin to differentiate
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8
Q

embryonic period

A

cells continue to specialise (eyes,nose mouth…)
no organs are fully developed
2-8 weeks

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9
Q

foetal period

A

8 weeks - birth
teratogens more likely to affect physical function
continues growing and developing (organs)

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10
Q

teratogens

A

virus/other factors that can cause birth defects

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11
Q

critical period

A

environment influence can impact development

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12
Q

Foetal Alcohol syndrome

A

A characteristic pattern of abnormalities associated with alcohol intake during pregnancy

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13
Q

effects of FAS

A

1) growing deficiency
2) intellectual defects (affected central nervous)
3) characteristic facial features

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14
Q

physical development in infancy

A

very rapid

respiratory begins to function

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15
Q

cephalocaudal

A

gradual change in head size relative to body size

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16
Q

proximodstal

A

general functions of limbs start to develop before specific motor skills

17
Q

reflexes

A

involuntary behaviour patterns

18
Q

sensorimotor stage

A
birth - 2
involuntary reflexes
interact deliberately with objects
OBJECT PERMANENCE- knowledge it exists when not in sight
symbolic thought
19
Q

pre operational stage

A
2-7
developing language pretending
not yet capable of logical thought
ANIMISM- anything that moves is alive
egocentric
centration
conservation failure
irreversibility
20
Q

concrete operations

A

7-12
capable of conservation and reversible thinking
centration no longer occurs
inability to deal effectively with abstract concepts

21
Q

formal operations

A

12-adult

abstract and hypothetical thinking is possible

22
Q

stages of language development

A
cooing- 2 months
babbling-6 months
one word speech- before 1
telegraphic speech - 1.5 years ,simple sentences
whole sentences- preschool
23
Q

temperment

A

easy
regular
difficult

24
Q

attatchment

A

secure
avoidant
ambivalent
disorganised- disorientated

25
Q

self-concept

A

image you have of yourself based soon interactions w/ important people in your life

26
Q

gender

A

physical appearances, personality traits, group membership

27
Q

puberty

A

result of a complex series of glandular activities stimulated by the pituitary gland.

28
Q

disengagement theory

A

gradual withdrawal

29
Q

activity theory

A

maintaining high levels of activity, adjusts positively to ageing.

30
Q

continuity theory

A

maintaining activity levels that ensure satisfaction

31
Q

cellular clock theory

A

cells are limited in the number of times they can reproduce.

32
Q

telomeres

A

structures of the end of chromosomes that shorten when a cell reproduces

33
Q

free radical theory

A

oxygen molecules that have an unstable electron, electron bounces around and steals other electrons causing damage.

34
Q

death/ dying

A
denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance