Developmental Psychology

Question 1

Sensitive periods

Answer 1

Periods of development during which we are more responsive to certain stimuli
Easier to learn at certain times
Ex) language is easier to learn as a kid

Question 2

Reflexes

Answer 2

Stepping- walking
Rooting- brush baby’s face it turns that direction and opens mouth
Babinski- rub bottom of baby’s foot and their toes fan out then curl
Moro- if they feel they’re slipping they open their arms and then close them

Question 3

Imitation

Answer 3

Mirror neurons

Question 4

Freud drive reduction theory

Answer 4

Cupboard theory
Biological drives
If you feed them they get attached to you

Question 5

Attachment: Bowlby

Answer 5

Innate 
Preprogrammed 
Innate- on both sides 
Evolutionary component 
Important for later development -- detachment (no bond w/ anyone)

Question 6

Attachment: Harlow

Answer 6

Rhesus monkeys
Wire w/ feed apparatus vs cloth “mom”
Contact comfort

Question 7

Ainsworth attachment styles

Answer 7

Secure
Resistant
Avoidant

Question 8

Secure attachment

Answer 8

Highest throughout all cultures

Childs upset when parent leaves, stranger has no effect, reunion: child settled quickly

Question 9

Anxious/Ambivalent attachment (Resistant)

Answer 9

Child upset when parent leaves, stranger has no effect, reunion: child doesn’t settle

Question 10

Avoidant attachment

Answer 10

Child upset, stranger may have some impact, reunion: baby avoids parent and ignores them

Question 11

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 11

Infant stage
Gather info through senses
Object permanence: object still exists even tho you can’t see it (6-9mo)
Mental representation: advance in cognition ex) banana used as phone

Question 12

Preoperational stage

Answer 12

Early childhood 2-7yrs
Focus on one piece of info at a time
Egocentrism: don’t understand other perspectives
Lack conservation: can’t go through series of steps and then go backwards

Question 13

Concrete operational stage

Answer 13

Middle childhood 7-11yrs
Master conservation: understand diff between sizes
Lack abstract and hypothetical thinking outside of reality

Question 14

Formal operational stage

Answer 14

Adolescent -> Adult

Ability to think abstractly and hypothetically

Question 15

Authoritarian parenting

Answer 15

Expect unquestioned obedience
Children withdrawn, anxious, and unhappy
Nothing less than an A is acceptable

Question 16

Authoritative parenting

Answer 16

Best style of parenting
High but realistic and reasonable standards
Mature, happy, assertive children

Question 17

Permissive parenting

Answer 17

Few rules or demands
Immature, impulsive, dependent children, don’t think rules apply to them at school
Parent wants to be their child’s friend

Question 18

Uninvolved parenting

Answer 18

Don’t apply discipline and aren’t responsive
Lack self-control, low self-esteem, less competent
Don’t love their children, neglect, provide basics such as food and shelter but don’t care

Question 19

Critical periods

Answer 19

Points in development when the body is ready to learn something. However if don’t learn, the ability may be lost