Developmental Psychology

Question 1

Refers to a set of moral principles that guide the behavior and actions of individuals within a specific academic discipline or professional society

Answer 1

Code of Ethics

Question 2

In Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory, resolutions to development crisis depend on the inter action between the individual and ______ ?

Answer 2

Social Environment

Question 3

In an experiment, the group of participants who receive the imposed treatment or special condition is referred to as the ____ group.

Answer 3

Experimental

*Experimental Group is the group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested. And is now compared to a CONTROL group, which do

Question 4

Brain cells that respond to actions performed by someone else are called”

Answer 4

Mirror Neurons

These neurons are responsible for mirroring or imitating the actions and intentions of others, allowing us to understand and empathize with their actions.

Question 5

Provide support and protection to neurons in the Brain?

Answer 5

Glial Cells

Question 6

Part of the Brain that responsible for motor coordination

Answer 6

Cerebellum

Question 7

Part of the brain the responsible for our emotion

Answer 7

Amgydala

Question 8

True/False: Stem cells are cells from which any other specialized type of cell can form.

Answer 8

True

• Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to develop into different types of cells in the body. They can divide and renew themselves, as well as differentiate into specialized cells such as muscle cells, nerve cells, or blood cells

Question 9

According to Freud, who is most likely to be in Genital Stage?

Answer 9

Adolescence, typically age 12 to 18.

Question 10

The germinal period ends approx:

Answer 10

2 weeks after conception

Question 11

Also called “Conception”, is the process of union of sperm and ovum to produce zygote

Answer 11

Fertilization

Question 12

One-celled organism resulting from fertilization

Answer 12

Zygote

Question 13

The full set of genes for a particular organism

Answer 13

Genome

• The genome contains all the information required for the development, functioning, and characteristics of that particular organism. It is like a blueprint that determines the traits and features of an individual.

Question 14

Chromosomal abnormalities occur when a zygote’s cells have:

Answer 14

More of fewer than the usual 46 chromosomes.

Question 15

The sperm and ovum are:

Answer 15

Gametes

• The correct answer is “gametes” because sperm and ovum are both reproductive cells that are involved in sexual reproduction. Gametes are specialized cells that contain half the number of chromosomes compared to other cells in the body.

Question 16

One difference between sperm cells and ova is that:

Answer 16

Ova carry an X chromosome, whereas sperm carry either an X or a Y chromosome.

Question 17

The most advanced stage of cognitive development according to Piaget is the:

Answer 17

Formal Operational

• The formal operational stage is considered the most advanced stage. During this stage, individuals develop the ability to think abstractly, use hypothetical reasoning, and engage in logical thinking. They can also understand and manipulate complex ideas and concepts. This stage typically occurs during adolescence and continues into adulthood.

Question 18

Social learning theory emphasizes (Bandura)

Answer 18

Observation and imitation

• According to this theory, individuals learn by observing the behaviors of others and imitating them. This process allows individuals to acquire new knowledge, skills, and behaviors without the need for direct reinforcement. By observing others, individuals can learn from their experiences and gain a better understanding of how to behave in different situations. The theory suggests that social interactions and modeling play a crucial role in shaping an individual’s behavior and development.

Question 19

Which period begins three weeks after conception?:

Answer 19

Embryonic Period/Stage

• This is the stage of development where the major organs and body systems start to form. During this period, the embryo is highly susceptible to external influences and is at a high risk for developmental abnormalities. It is an important phase in prenatal development as it sets the foundation for the growth and development of the fetus.

Question 20

Genetic disorders that are dominant are:

Answer 20

Always Expressed

• Dominant genetic disorders are always expressed, meaning that if an individual inherits a dominant allele for a particular disorder, they will show symptoms of the disorder. This is because the dominant allele overrides the presence of any recessive alleles

Question 21

The process by which humans adapt and adjust to their environment is known as

Answer 21

Selective Adaptation

• It involves the selection and retention of certain traits or behaviors that are beneficial for survival and reproduction in a specific environment. This process allows individuals to better cope with their surroundings and increases their chances of survival and successful reproduction.

Question 22

Group of people born at about the same time and thus of similar age.

Answer 22

Age Cohort

Question 22

Refers to a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or experience during a specific period of time

Answer 22

Cohort

Question 23

Final Stage of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs is:

Answer 23

Self-Actualization

• This stage represents the fulfillment of an individual’s potential and the desire to become the best version of themselves. It involves personal growth, self-discovery, and the pursuit of meaningful goals. Self-actualization is characterized by a sense of purpose, creativity, and a deep understanding of oneself.

Question 24

2nd stage of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs is:

Answer 24

Safety and Security

Question 25

3rd stage of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs is:

Answer 25

Social Needs

• the third step in Maslow’s hierarchy,
  concerning the need to interact with
  other people.
• involve working with others, developing friendships, and feeling needed.

Question 26

4th Stage of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is:

Answer 26

Ego Needs (Self-Esteem)

• need of recognition and success

Question 27

When something is said to be “empirical” it is based on:

Answer 27

Facts “Data Collection”

• Empirical evidence is gathered through observation, experimentation, or experience. It relies on objective data and measurable evidence rather than theories, inferences, or opinions. Therefore, the correct answer is facts.

Question 28

The idea that the study of development involves several academic fields defines the ________characteristics of develpment.

Answer 28

Multidisciplinary

• This implies that understanding development requires knowledge and insights from multiple fields such as psychology, sociology, biology, and anthropology. Therefore, the term “multidisciplinary” accurately describes the characteristic of development being influenced by multiple academic fields.

Question 29

True/False: The naval or belly button is the result of cutting the baby’s umbilical cord at birth

Answer 29

True

• The naval, also known as the belly button, is indeed the result of cutting the baby’s umbilical cord at birth. The umbilical cord connects the baby to the placenta in the womb, providing essential nutrients and oxygen. After the baby is born, the cord is clamped and cut, leaving a small stump. Over time, the stump dries up and falls off, leaving behind the belly button or naval. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 30

Consist of the inner mass of cells that well eventually develop into the embryo

Answer 30

Blastocyst

Question 31

After about 5 days of mitosis, the zygote contains about 100 cells and is called :

Answer 31

Blastocyst

Question 32

An outer layer of the cells that provides nutrition and support for the embryo.

Answer 32

Trophoblast

Question 33

Environmental agents that interfere normal prenatal development and cause birth defects

Answer 33

Teratogen

Question 34

What did Lev Vygotsky conclude from observing the behaviors of the diverse people of the former Soviet Union

Answer 34

People learn new behaviors by working with mentors

• Lev Vygotsky concluded that people learn new behaviors by working with mentors. This means that individuals acquire new knowledge and skills by collaborating with more experienced individuals who guide and support their learning process. Vygotsky emphasized the importance of social interaction and the role of a knowledgeable other in facilitating learning. He believed that learning is a social activity and that mentorship plays a crucial role in the development of new behaviors and abilities.

Question 35

A researcher in human development who takes an eclectic approach:

Answer 35

Uses part of several theories rather than sticking to one particular theory.

• An eclectic approach in human development research refers to the practice of incorporating different elements or ideas from various theories rather than solely relying on one particular theory. By doing so, the researcher can draw upon a wider range of perspectives and insights to better understand and explain human behavior.

Question 36

To study change over time, researchers use three basic research designs?

Answer 36

Cross-sectional, longitudinal, cross-sequential

Question 37

An organism’s entire genetic inheritance is referred to as its:

Answer 37

Genotype

• Genetic makeup of a person, containing both expressed and unexpressed characteristics.

Question 38

Any birth which occurs 35 of fewer weeks after conception is considered to be

Answer 38

Preterm

*This means that the baby is born before completing the full 37-40 weeks of gestation, which is the normal duration of a pregnancy. Preterm births can pose certain health risks and may require special medical attention for the baby to ensure their well-being and development.

Question 39

This means that the baby is born before completing the full 37-40 weeks of gestation, which is the normal duration of a pregnancy.

Answer 39

Preterm

Question 40

Monozygotic twins are produced when,

Answer 40

One ovum and one sperm and splits to form two clusters.

*Monozygotic twins are produced when one ovum is fertilized by one sperm and then splits to form two clusters. This process is known as embryo splitting or cleavage. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes a series of cell divisions, resulting in the formation of two separate clusters of cells. These clusters then develop into two separate embryos with identical genetic material. This is why monozygotic twins are also called identical twins, as they share the same DNA and are essentially clones of each other.

Question 41

Brain damage, loss of vision, and mental retardation which may be caused by eating undercooked meat and handling cat feces or garden dirt is attributable to:

Answer 41

Toxoplasmosis

Question 42

Research on SIDS has shown that babies should be

Answer 42

Put to sleep on their backs

*Research on SIDS, or Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, has consistently shown that placing babies on their backs to sleep is the safest sleeping position. This position helps reduce the risk of suffocation and allows for better airflow, decreasing the likelihood of SIDS. Sleeping on their backs also helps prevent the baby from rolling onto their stomach, which is a higher risk position. It is important to follow this recommendation to ensure the safety and well-being of infants during sleep.

Question 43

The neural tube will become the:

Answer 43

Brain and spinal cord

*The neural tube is a structure that develops in the early stages of embryonic development. It eventually gives rise to the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. The other options mentioned, such as reproductive organs, intestinal tract, and backbone, legs, and arms, are derived from different embryonic tissues and structures. Therefore, the correct answer is brain and spinal cord.

Question 44

In an uncomplicated birth, the position of presentation is:

Answer 44

Head first

*This is known as the vertex presentation, which is the most common and ideal position for a baby to be born. The head-first position allows for an easier passage through the birth canal and reduces the risk of complications during delivery. It also ensures that the baby’s head is the first body part to emerge, which is important for a safe and smooth delivery.

Question 45

A dog learns to shake paws on command because it has been given dog biscuits for doing so. This is an example of:

Answer 45

Operant conditioning

*This scenario demonstrates operant conditioning, specifically positive reinforcement. The dog learns to shake paws on command because it has been rewarded with dog biscuits for doing so. Through this process, the dog associates the action of shaking paws with receiving a reward, and therefore is more likely to repeat the behavior in the future. Operant conditioning focuses on the consequences of behavior, and in this case, the positive reinforcement of receiving a treat serves as a motivating factor for the dog to perform the desired action.

Question 46

Trisomy-21 is also called

Answer 46

Down Syndrome

Question 47

chromosomal disorder in males caused by an extra X chromosome.

Answer 47

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)

Question 48

One of the surprising findings of the Human Genome Project is that

Answer 48

All living creatures share genes

Question 49

An XX pattern in the 23rd pair of chromosomes indicates the fetus will

Answer 49

Female

Question 50

An XY pattern in the 23rd pair orf chromosomes indicates the fetus will

Answer 50

Male

Question 51

True/False: According to social learning theory, individuals model any behavior they see repeatedly.

Answer 51

True

*According to social learning theory, individuals have a tendency to imitate or model behaviors that they observe repeatedly. This theory suggests that people learn by observing others and the consequences of their actions, rather than solely relying on their own experiences. Therefore, it can be concluded that the statement is true, as it aligns with the principles of social learning theory.

Question 52

Behaviorism focuses on which of the following?

Answer 52

Observable behavior

*Behaviorism is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of observable behavior. It suggests that behavior can be understood and predicted by examining the environmental stimuli and the individual’s response to those stimuli. This approach rejects the significance of unconscious urges, thoughts, and emotions in explaining behavior, as they cannot be directly observed. Instead, behaviorists believe that behavior can be shaped through conditioning and reinforcement, and that it is influenced by the external environment. Therefore, the focus of behaviorism is on studying and analyzing observable behavior to understand and explain human actions.

Question 53

Nine weeks after conception, the developing human organism is called a(n)

Answer 53

Fetus

Question 54

Typically, 4-month-old infants can lift their heads off the floor while lying on their stomachs. By 8 months, most can sit independently. This ordered sequence of motor development is a result of which of the following?

Answer 54

maturation

Question 55

Research has demonstrated that children have very few, if any, conscious memories of events before age 4. Which of the following is most likely immature and therefore responsible for this infantile amnesia?

Answer 55

hippocampus

Question 56

the correct order of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?

Answer 56

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Question 57

Twelve-year-old Devin was asked, “If you were given a third eye, where would you put it?” Devin responded that he would put the eye onto his hand so he could see around corners. Devin’s 10-year-old brother Brad said he would put a third eye “onto my forehead.” According to Piaget, Devin’s response demonstrates which stage of cognitive development?

Answer 57

formal operational

Question 58

Shawna is a very demanding parent. She is strict and expects her orders to be obeyed without question. If her children disobey, she withholds her affection from them. Shawna’s parenting style is most likely

Answer 58

authoritarian

Question 59

common early symptom of Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 59

Telling the same stories repeatedly

Question 60

Research has found that regular exercise can slow the aging process by maintaining the DNA on either end of the chromosomes. These endings are called

Answer 60

Telomeres

Question 61

The main functions of _____ are to maintain chromosomal stability and prevent chromosomal degradation.

Answer 61

Telomeres

Question 62

What is gender identity?

Answer 62

One’s internal sense of being male, female, or a blending of the two.

Question 63

_____ region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome. It protect the ends of chromosomes from becoming frayed or tangled. Each time a cell divides, the telomeres become slightly shorter.

Answer 63

Telomeres

Question 64

Risa was raised in the United States and is familiar with fruitflavored hard candies. In psychology class, she tastes a musk flavored candy from Australia. Risa can’t accept musk as a flavor because she associates it only with the scent of cologne. Apparently, Risa is struggling with which of the following?

Answer 64

assimilation

Question 65

A researcher shows a child a box of crayons and asks, “What do you think is in this box?” The child replies, “Crayons.” The researcher then opens the box to reveal candles. The researcher closes the box and shows the child a stuffed dog toy that has been under the table. The researcher says, “This dog hasn’t heard what we’ve said or seen what’s inside the box. What do you think the dog will think is in the box?” If the child replies, “Candles, ” this reflects that she most likely lacks

Answer 65

a theory of mind

Question 66

During this substage, the child understands the environment purely through inborn reflexes such as sucking and looking. What substage of sensorimotor of Piaget it belongs?

Answer 66

Reflexes (0-1 month)

Question 67

Katie will not speed while driving to school because she’s afraid of getting a ticket. Katie’s reasoning best reflects which of Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?

Answer 67

preconventional

Question 68

Pablo is 17 years old and has recently begun questioning his beliefs. He has engaged in heated debates with his parents over differences in their political and religious ideals. Jean Piaget would suggest that Pablo is

Answer 68

becoming formal operational.

Question 69

Chandler and Alex’s youngest child just graduated from high school and is moving to a different state for college. If they experience depression, stress, and loneliness as a result, some might suggest Chandler and Alex are experiencing

Answer 69

empty-nest syndrome.

Question 70

Chuck is 45 years old, unmarried, lives with his parents, and is a freshman in college. Chuck’s current state is atypical for someone his age. The expectations to marry, establish a home, and go to college by a certain time are determined by

Answer 70

social clock

Question 71

What was the key feature in the parenting style of those tested in Mary Ainsworth’s strange situation procedure that led to a secure attachment between the toddlers and their mothers?

Answer 71

responsiveness to a child’s needs

Question 72

John Bowlby suggested that infants were biologically preprogrammed to form attachments with others because doing so helps infants survive. Bowlby’s beliefs best illustrate which of the following perspectives in psychology?

Answer 72

evolutionary

Question 73

Albert Bandura believed that children learn to be aggressive by observing and imitating an adult modeling such behaviors. Bandura would most likely be associated with which of the following perspectives?

Answer 73

social-cognitive

Question 74

Which component represents the degree of physical attraction, sexual desire, and arousal in a romantic relationship?

Answer 74

Passion

Question 75

Feelings of closeness, connectedness, and emotional support?

Answer 75

Intimacy

Question 76

combinations represents Consummate Love?

Answer 76

Intimacy + Passion + Commitment

Question 77

This type of love involves commitment without intimacy or passion?

Answer 77

Empty love

Question 78

Passion and commitment without intimacy.

Answer 78

Fatuous love

Question 79

It involves decision-making and the intention to maintain a long-term relationship?

Answer 79

Commitment

Question 80

A type of love that involves intimacy and commitment but lacks passion?

Answer 80

Companionate love

Question 81

What type of love is characterized by intimacy without passion or commitment?

Answer 81

Liking

Question 82

Which combination represents Romantic Love?

Answer 82

Intimacy + Passion

Question 83

Sarah and John have been dating for a few months. They share their deepest thoughts and feelings with each other and feel emotionally connected. Recently, Sarah has started feeling a strong physical attraction and desire towards John, and she finds herself longing to be with him constantly. Which type of love best describes the situation?

Answer 83

Romantic love

Question 84

David and Lisa have been married for twenty years. They have built a strong emotional bond over the years and trust each other deeply. Despite not feeling the intense passion they did in the beginning, they are committed to each other and plan to spend the rest of their lives together. Which type of love best describes the situation?

Answer 84

Companionate love

Question 85

Mark and Emily have been in a relationship for a year. They have a strong physical attraction towards each other and enjoy spending time together. However, they have not yet made long-term commitments to each other and are unsure about their future together. Which type of love best describes the situation?

Answer 85

Infatuation

Question 86

Emily and Jack have been together for a few months. They share a strong physical attraction and enjoy spending time together, but they haven’t yet shared deep emotional intimacy or made long-term commitments. However, Emily often daydreams about their future together and feels a sense of security in their relationship. Which type of love best describes the situation?

Answer 86

Infatuation

Question 87

Hannah and Michael have been in a relationship for several years. They share a deep emotional bond, have a strong physical attraction towards each other, and are committed to building a future together. Recently, however, they’ve encountered challenges in their relationship, including disagreements about their career paths and future plans. Despite these challenges, they continue to communicate openly, support each other, and work towards resolving their issues together. Which type of love best describes the situation?

Answer 87

Consummate love

Question 88

Sarah and David have been married for ten years. Over time, they have drifted apart emotionally and no longer share the same interests or goals. They stay together for the sake of their children and maintain a semblance of normalcy in their household, but they no longer feel any emotional connection or passion for each other. Which type of love best describes the situation?

Answer 88

Empty love

Question 89

Aunty’s condition affects her lungs and liver. What is her condition and which chromosome is it related to?

Answer 89

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (Chromosome 14)

• Alpha1-antitrypsin is a protein made by the liver whose function is to protect the lungs. If these proteins are malformed or deficient, the impact is a predisposition for obstructive pulmonary disease and liver disease. AATD is caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene located in the long arm of chromosome 14.

Question 90

Baby Thala has a condition that prevents her from making enough healthy red blood cells. Which chromosome is affected?

Answer 90

Chromosome 16

Question 91

Betong has severe anemia and needs regular blood transfusions. Which chromosome is involved?

Answer 91

Chromosome 11

Question 92

Herbert has a condition that affects his blood’s ability to clot properly. Which genetic disorder does Herbert most likely have?

Answer 92

Hemophilia

Question 93

Nene was born without parts of her brain and skull. What condition does Nene have?

Answer 93

Anencephaly

Question 94

Pina has a condition where her spine did not form properly. What condition does Pina have and which chromosome is involved?

Answer 94

Spina Bifida (Chromosome 11)

Question 95

Fenay cannot break down part of a protein, leading to harmful buildup in her body. What condition does she have?

Answer 95

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 96

Teena Turner is short and has webbed neck. What condition does she have?

Answer 96

Turner syndrome (XO)

Question 97

A boy has an extra X chromosome and smaller testes. What condition does he have?

Answer 97

Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY)

Question 98

This condition is more severe in males include delayed in speech and motor development, speech impairments, and hyperactivity.

Answer 98

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 99

Jacob has an extra chromosome, making him taller but affecting his learning. What condition does he have?

Answer 99

XYY

Question 100

A boy has a genetic condition causing his muscles to get weaker over time. What is this condition?

Answer 100

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (X Chromosome)

Question 101

A child has thick, sticky mucus in their lungs and digestive system. What condition is this?

Answer 101

Chromosome 7 (cystic fibrosis)

Question 102

A child has RBC shaped like crescent moon causing pain.

Answer 102

Sickle Cell Anemia

Question 103

A child has harmful substances building up in their brain resulting in death before age 5. What condition is this?

Answer 103

Tay-Sachs Disease

Question 104

Metabolic disorder resulting in mental retardation

Answer 104

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 105

Enlarged kidneys, leading to respiratory problems and congestive heart failure during infantile form.

Answer 105

Polycystic Kidney disease

Question 106

Normal appearance but has menstrual irregularities, learning disorders, and mental retardation.

Answer 106

XXX (TRIPLE X)

Question 107

All affected infants are stillborn or die soon after birth because of the weak ability of the blood to carry oxygen.

Answer 107

Chromosome 16

Question 108

Can lead to crippling arthritis in adulthood because of excessive bleeding.

Answer 108

X sex chromosome

Question 109

Victor and Rosa want to enhance their synchrony with their 6 month old daughter. They can best do this by:

Answer 109

Imitating her vocal and facial expressions

*To enhance synchrony with their 6-month-old daughter, Victor and Rosa should imitate her vocal and facial expressions. This means that they should mirror her sounds and mimic her facial expressions, which will help create a stronger bond and connection between them. By imitating

Question 110

______ is failure to meet a childs basic physical, emotional, or educational needs.

Answer 110

Child neglect

*Child neglect refers to the failure of meeting a child’s basic physical, emotional, or educational needs. It involves the neglect of providing proper nutrition, healthcare, shelter, supervision, emotional support, and education to a child.

Question 111

“Proximity seeking” and “contact maintaining” behaviors are displays of:

Answer 111

Attachement

*These behaviors are commonly observed in individuals who have formed emotional bonds and strong connections with others. Seeking proximity and maintaining contact are ways for individuals to feel secure and connected to their attachment figures. This behavior is often seen in close relationships such as parent-child relationships or romantic partnerships, where individuals seek closeness and maintain physical contact to fulfill their emotional needs and reinforce the bond between them.

Question 112

The ethnic group from which children tend to be tallest is

Answer 112

Africans

*Africans tend to be the ethnic group from which children tend to be tallest. This can be attributed to a combination of genetic factors and environmental influences. African populations have a higher prevalence of certain genetic variants that are associated with increased height. Additionally, factors such as nutrition and healthcare access also play a role in determining height.

Question 113

The infants first sensorimotor activities are:

Answer 113

Reflexes

*Infants’ first sensorimotor activities primarily involve reflexes, which are automatic responses to stimuli. These reflexes, such as the sucking reflex or the grasping reflex, are present from birth and do not require any conscious effort or learning. They are essential for the survival and development of the infant in the early stages of life

Question 114

Research indicates that infants reach the stages of Piaget’s sensorimotor intelligence _________ Piaget originally predicted.

Answer 114

Earlier than

*This means that infants develop their sensorimotor skills at a faster pace than Piaget had initially anticipated.

Question 115

________ is any deliberate action that is harmful to a child’s physical, emotional, or sexual well-being.

Answer 115

Child Abuse

*Child abuse refers to any intentional act that causes harm to a child’s physical, emotional, or sexual well-being. This can include physical violence, emotional abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse

Question 116

Which types of artistic expression blossom during early childhood?

Answer 116

Different forms of artistic expression

*They often engage in activities like singing, playing musical instruments, creating artwork, and dancing. Music allows children to explore rhythm and melody, while art encourages creativity and self-expression. Dance helps children develop coordination and body awareness. Therefore, all of the options mentioned - music, art, and dance - are types of artistic expression that blossom during early childhood.

Question 117

The most common cause(s) of death of children worldwide is(are):

Answer 117

Accident

*This is because children are more vulnerable to accidents due to their curiosity, lack of awareness, and limited motor skills. Accidents can include road traffic accidents, falls, drowning, burns, and poisoning. These incidents often occur due to inadequate supervision, unsafe environments, or lack of safety measures

Question 118

The scientific method used by an infant in stage five is:

Answer 118

Trial and error

*This means that the infant learns through repeated attempts and experiences, making mistakes and adjusting their behavior based on the outcomes

Question 119

In the Strange Situation, a sign of a secure attachment is:

Answer 119

Smiling at Mother when she returns to the room

*This indicates that the child is happy to see their mother and feels comfortable and secure in her presence. This behavior suggests that the child trusts their mother and has a healthy emotional bond with her.

Question 120

In Piaget’s terminology, sensorimotor stage two is described by:

Answer 120

The first acquired adaptations

*This means that during this stage, infants begin to develop new behaviors and actions that allow them to adapt to their environment. They start to learn how to manipulate objects, imitate actions, and use tools to achieve their goals.

Question 121

Pete’s father is physically abusinve toward Pete, often leaving bruises. His mother, also living in the home, witneses the abuse but says nothing. She is:

Answer 121

Neglecful

*Neglectful parents fail to provide the necessary care, support, and protection for their child’s well-being.

Question 122

Which of the following emotions are apparent at birth?

Answer 122

Pleasure and pain

*Newborn babies can experience pleasure when they are comfortable, fed, or soothed, and they can also experience pain when they are hungry, uncomfortable, or in distress. These basic emotions are instinctual and do not require any learning or social interaction

Question 123

Manuel is 12 months old and is showing signs of autism. Manuel’s mother ingested various illegal drugs fairly frequently during her pregnancy. This might be an example of the effects of which of the following?

Answer 123

Behavioral teratogens

*Behavioral teratogens refer to substances or factors that can affect the development of the fetus and result in behavioral abnormalities or disorders

Question 124

According to dynamic perception, 1 y/o Diane would most prefer to look at:

Answer 124

Spinning or moving objects

*This is because young children are attracted to objects that are in motion and have contrasting colors.

Question 125

The specialization of the functioning of the two halves of the brain is called

Answer 125

Lateralization

Question 126

In order, the three main periods of prenatal growth are:

Answer 126

Germinal, embryonic, fetal

Question 127

Because Suzanne is pregnant, she drinks only one glass of wine a day an d smokes fewer cigarettes than previously. She should be told that:

Answer 127

Each drug might intensify the effects of the other.

*This means that both drinking alcohol and smoking cigarettes during pregnancy can have an intensified negative impact on the health of the baby. The combination of these two substances can increase the risk of complications and harm to the developing fetus. It is important and that the effects of these drugs can be heightened when used together, and therefore

Question 128

Gross motor skills such as riding a tricycle are acquired through

Answer 128

a combination of brain maturation and practice

*Brain maturation plays a crucial role in the development of motor skills, as it allows the brain to process and coordinate the necessary movements. However, practice is also essential in refining these skills and improving coordination.

Question 129

The five vital signs that are evaluated in the Apgar are

Answer 129

Heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, color and reflexes

(Activity, Pulse, Grimace, Appearance, Respiration)

*The Apgar is a standardized test used to assess the health and well-being of newborn babies. It evaluates five vital signs to determine the baby’s overall condition. These vital signs include heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, color, and reflexes

Question 130

Refers to the opportunity for perception and interaction that is offered by people, the environment, and objects. It is the quality or property of an object or environment that allows an individual to understand how to use it or interact with it.

Answer 130

Affordance

Question 131

Jan’s mother calls him high strung because he is disturbed by even the slightest noise, very hard to distract, and extrememly fussy. The New York Longitudinal Study would call him

Answer 131

Difficult Child

Question 132

Jimmy’s dad comes home from grocery shopping and see Jimmy sitting on the sofa eating chips and says {“where s that boy of mine?” Immediately, Jimmy gives his dad the biggest smile, which spreads across his entire face. Now dad responds with an exaggerated surprised look. This is an example of which of the following?

Answer 132

Synchrony

Question 133

The best policy regarding prescriptions drugs during pregnancy is:

Answer 133

Take drugs only if necessary, prescribed by a knowledgeable doctor.

*This answer is supported by the fact that not all medications are safe during pregnancy, and it is important to consult with a healthcare professional who has knowledge about the potential risks and benefits of specific medications for pregnant women. Taking medications without proper guidance can pose serious risks to both the mother and the developing fetus. Therefore, it is essential to rely on the expertise of a knowledgeable doctor when making decisions about medication use during pregnancy.

Question 134

Speeds up the transmission of neural impulses

Answer 134

Myelination

*Myelination refers to the process of forming a protective sheath around nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. This sheath, called myelin, acts as an insulator and speeds up the transmission of neural impulses. By providing a faster transmission of signals between neurons, myelination enhances the efficiency of communication within the brain, allowing for quicker and more coordinated responses.

Question 135

Tammi age 4 months, and Dawn, age 13 months, are left with a baby sitter. How will they react?

Answer 135

Dawn will probably show more distress than Tami

Question 136

What is the function of the placenta?

Answer 136

To protect and nourish the developing fetus

*It acts as a barrier, preventing harmful substances from reaching the fetus while allowing necessary nutrients and oxygen to pass through. Additionally, the placenta helps in removing waste products from the fetus and produces hormones that support pregnancy.

Question 137

Which of the following is the best way to ensure adequate nutrition and vitamin intake?

Answer 137

Eat well balanced meals with a variety of foods.

Question 138

A substance or a condition that can increase the risk of prenatal abnormalities

Answer 138

Teratogen

Question 139

Full term pregnancies typicaoll last

Answer 139

36 wks from the date of conception

Question 140

The neural tube will become the:

Answer 140

Brain and spinal cord

Question 141

Piaget called the infants’ first period of cognitive development:

Answer 141

Sensorimotor intelligence

*This stage is characterized by the child’s exploration and understanding of the world through their senses and motor actions.

Question 142

When playing with their children, mothers are more likely than fathers to:

Answer 142

Play peek a boo and patty cake

Question 143

Refers to an increase in the number of connections between neurons in the brain

Answer 143

Synaptogenesis

Question 144

True/False: It appears that a babies’ brain is unable to learn how to process speech and language only with the ability of sound…even if it is internal sounds.

Answer 144

False

*Babies’ brains are indeed capable of learning how to process speech and language through the ability of sound, including internal sounds. Research has shown that even before birth, babies are able to hear and recognize their mother’s voice and other sounds in the environment

Question 145

True/False: The premise for the film is that the brain is geared to receive only the spoken word as the brain develops.

Answer 145

False

• The brain is not solely geared to receive only the spoken word as it develops. In fact, the brain is capable of processing and understanding various forms of communication, including written language, visual cues, and non-verbal signals. This premise oversimplifies the brain’s capabilities and ignores the complex nature of human communication and cognition.

Question 146

A baby trying to pry his Dad’s fingers apart to get a small toy hidden in his hands demonstrates accomplishment of

Answer 146

Mutuality

*refers to a reciprocal exchange or interaction between two or more individuals. It involves a sense of shared understanding, respect, and trust that develops over time through ongoing communication and collaboration.

Question 147

True/False: Parenting styles have no impact on the baby’s expression of traits.

Answer 147

False

*Parenting styles can greatly influence a child’s development and behavior. Different parenting styles, such as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, or neglectful, can shape a child’s personality, social skills, and emotional well-being.

Question 148

True/False: Babies brains cannot process language and speech separately

Answer 148

True

• This means that language development is not solely dependent on the ability to process speech, but rather involves other cognitive processes as well. It implies that there is an interconnectedness between language and speech processing in the brain, and they cannot be isolated from each other.

Question 149

______ can be described as patterns of behavior that have a genetic basis

Answer 149

Traits

*This means that certain behaviors or characteristics are inherited and passed down from one generation to another through genes. These patterns of behavior are not learned or acquired from the environment, but rather are determined by an individual’s genetic makeup.

Question 150

True/False: It is not possible to adjust traits to the behavior expected in the environment

Answer 150

False

• Individuals can adapt and adjust their traits to align with the behavior expected in a particular environment. This ability to adapt is a fundamental aspect of human nature and allows individuals to modify their behavior, attitudes, and characteristics to fit the social, cultural, and environmental context they are in. People can learn and develop new traits, skills, and behaviors to better adapt and thrive in different environments.

Question 151

The process of getting used ot an object or an event through repeatede exposure to it is referred to as:

Answer 151

Habituation

Question 152

True/False: Oxycodone is the nurturing hormorne produced in the woman’s body increasing at the time of her baby

Answer 152

False

*Oxycodone is not a nurturing hormone produced in a woman’s body during pregnancy. Oxycodone is actually a strong opioid pain medication that is used to relieve severe pain. It works by acting on the central nervous system to block pain signals. It is not involved in the nurturing or development of a baby during pregnancy.

Question 153

True/False: In utero testosterone significantly affects females in that they become more interested in people after birth while boys becomes more interest in how things work after birth.

Answer 153

True

*Research suggests that females exposed to higher levels of testosterone in the womb tend to exhibit more interest in people and social interactions after birth. On the other hand, males exposed to higher levels of testosterone in utero tend to show increased interest in objects and how things work.

Question 154

Males and females are biologically wired to respond differently to:

Answer 154

Frustration

*This is because gender differences in brain structure and hormone levels can influence how individuals perceive and cope with frustrating situations. Research suggests that males may be more prone to externalizing their frustration through aggression or risk-taking behavior, while females may be more likely to internalize their frustration and experience feelings of sadness or helplessness.

Question 155

________ refers to the ability of parents to create a harmonious environment for their child by aligning their child’s temperament with their social, family, and school life.

Answer 155

Goodness to fit

Question 156

When parents find a way to provide a smooth interaction between their child’s temperament and his social, family and school life, they have provided:

Answer 156

Goodness to fit

Question 157

A genetic restriction of phenotype to a small number of developmental outcomes.

Answer 157

Canalization

Question 158

It is a study of the bioevolutionary basis of behavior and development with a focus on the survival of the individual.

Answer 158

Ethology

Question 159

True/False: Females are at risk for breast cancer because of the hormone estrogen

Answer 159

True

• Females are at risk for breast cancer because the hormone estrogen plays a significant role in the development and growth of breast tissue. Estrogen can stimulate the growth of breast cells, and prolonged exposure to estrogen increases the risk of abnormal cell growth and the development of breast cancer.

Question 159

Compartmentalized brains theoretically allow brains to be more

Answer 159

Specialized in skills

• Compartmentalized brains refer to brains that are divided into different regions or compartments, each responsible for specific functions or skills. This division allows for specialization, meaning that different regions can focus on specific tasks or abilities

Question 160

_____ refer to brains that are divided into different regions or compartments, each responsible for specific functions or skills.

Answer 160

Compartmentalized brains

Question 161

Crucial Differences of two theories:
Statement 1: Piaget’s theory of learning focused on the child’s own discovery processes.
Statement 2: Vygotsky’s theory emphasized the importance of instruction.

Answer 161

Statement is both true

*Piaget’s theory of learning focused on the child’s own discovery processes, meaning that children actively construct their knowledge through interactions with the environment. On the other hand, Vygotsky’s theory emphasized the importance of instruction, suggesting that learning is a social process and that children acquire knowledge through interactions with more knowledgeable individuals. This crucial difference highlights the contrasting perspectives on the role of the child’s own exploration and the role of instruction in the learning process.

Question 162

Three girls start a rumor that 7 year old Heather is a bed wetter who still uses a pacifier. They are demonstrating:

Answer 162

Relational aggression

*Relational aggression refers to a form of aggression that involves damaging someone’s social relationships or reputation. In this scenario, the three girls are spreading a rumor about Heather, which can harm her social standing and relationships with others. This behavior is an example of relational aggression because it aims to harm Heather’s social status rather than physically or directly hurting her.

Question 163

When is time out an effective discipline strategy?

Answer 163

If the child prefers to be with other children

*This is because time out removes the child from the social environment they enjoy, which can serve as a deterrent for misbehavior. It creates a consequence that the child finds undesirable, motivating them to behave better in order to avoid being isolated from their peers.

Question 164

Preoperational intelligence differs from sensorimortor intelligence in that preoperational intelligence:

Answer 164

Goes beyond senses and motor skills

*Preoperational intelligence refers to the stage of cognitive development in children between the ages of 2 and 7, where they are able to use symbols and language to represent objects and events. This stage goes beyond sensorimotor intelligence, which is focused on the development of sensory and motor skills. Preoperational intelligence includes logical reasoning, allowing children to think and solve problems using basic logical principles. It also involves the ability to think about objects and events that are not physically present, which demonstrates that it goes beyond senses and motor skills.

Question 165

______ refers to the ability to focus on specific stimuli while disregarding others.

Answer 165

Selective attention

Question 166

The ability to concentrate on certain specific stimuli while ignoring others is called

Answer 166

Selective attention

*This cognitive process allows individuals to filter out irrelevant information and concentrate on what is important or relevant to them at a given moment. It enables us to direct our attention to specific tasks or stimuli while ignoring distractions, ultimately enhancing our ability to process information effectively and efficiently.

Question 167

To assume that the world is unchanging is to engage in

Answer 167

Static reasoning

• This type of thinking disregards the dynamic nature of the world and fails to consider the possibility of change or evolution. It can lead to a rigid mindset and hinder adaptability and problem-solving abilities. This is why static reasoning is seen as a form of magical thinking, as it relies on an unrealistic belief in the permanence of things. Concentration and a focus on appearances only may be related concepts, but they do not directly capture the essence of static reasoning.

Question 168

Refers to the cognitive process of assuming that the world is unchanging or static.

Answer 168

Static reasoning

Question 169

is a cognitive limitation in which a child is unable to understand that certain actions can be undone or reversed

Answer 169

Irreversibility

Question 170

Jakes father is taking him to the barber for his first real haircut. At first, jake is excited about his trip, but as soon as the barber makes the first cut in his hair, he becomes very upset and tells his father to make the barber stop. In spite of his fathers efforts to assure jake his hair will grow back, Jake is exhibiting the concept of:

Answer 170

Irreversibility

*Irreversibility is a cognitive limitation in which a child is unable to understand that certain actions can be undone or reversed. In this case, Jake does not comprehend that his hair will grow back after being cut, leading to his distress.

Question 171

the gap between what they are already able to do by themselves and what they can accomplish with assistance.

Answer 171

ZPD

Question 172

This term refers to the process of learning and development where individuals acquire knowledge and skills through guidance and support from more experienced individuals

Answer 172

An apprenticeship in thinking

*It emphasizes the importance of social interaction and collaboration in cognitive growth, highlighting the role of mentors or experts in scaffolding the learning process for the learner

Question 173

Vygotsky’s term for a person whose cognition is stimulated and directed by older and more skilled members of society is;

Answer 173

An apprenticeship in thinking

Question 174

This field focuses on understanding how disorders arise and progress in the context of typical development, taking into account biological, psychological, and social factors.

Answer 174

Developmental psychopathology

Question 175

Insights from normal development are applied to the study of childhood disorders in:

Answer 175

Developmental psychopathology

Question 176

According to Vygotsky, guided participation requires that a child:

Answer 176

Interact with a mentor to accomplish a task

*This means that the child is not left to discover the solution on their own or given instructions only once. Instead, they receive assistance and support from an adult until they can perform the task independently. This interaction with a mentor helps the child to learn and develop new skills through scaffolding and guidance.

Question 177

The youngest children to demonstrate theory of mind in experiments are age

Answer 177

4

*This is because at this age, children start to develop the ability to understand that other people have different thoughts, beliefs, and perspectives than their own. They begin to understand that others can have false beliefs and can be deceived. This milestone in cognitive development is an important step towards understanding and predicting other people’s behavior, and it usually occurs around the age of 4

Question 178

Because of fast mapping, a preschooler:

Answer 178

Needs several experiences with a word to learn it.

*Preschoolers rely on fast mapping, which allows them to learn new words after just a single exposure to them. This means that they can grasp the meaning of words after just one encounter. Therefore, the correct answer is that a preschooler learns some words after a single exposure to them.

Question 179

Krista understand that 4+6=10 but does not understand that 10-6=4. She is displaying

Answer 179

Irreversibility

Question 180

According to Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory, the three factors that reciprocally influence development involve:

Answer 180

Behavior, the person and environment

Question 181

Systematic continuities and changes in the individual over the course of life.

Answer 181

Development

Question 182

Developmental changes in the body or behavior that result from the aging process rather than from injury, illness, or some other life experience.

Answer 182

Maturation

Question 183

Developmental changes that characterize most or all members of a species; typically patterns of development.

Answer 183

Normative Development

Question 184

A unified view of the developmental process that emphasizes the important interrelationships among the physical, mental, social, and emotional aspects of human development.

Answer 184

Holistic perspective

Question 185

Methods that measure the relationships between physiological processes and aspects of children’s physical, cognitive, social, or emotional behavior or development.

Answer 185

Psychophysiological Method

Question 186

A research design in which subjects from different age groups are studied at the same point in time.

Answer 186

Cross-sectional

Question 187

A threadlike structure made up of genes.

Answer 187

Chromosome

Question 188

The process in which a cell duplicates its chromosomes and then divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.

Answer 188

Mitosis

Question 189

A process in which genetic material is exchanged between pairs of chromosomes during meiosis.

Answer 189

Crossing over

Question 190

A genetic disease in which the child is unable to metabolize phenylalanine; if left untreated, it may cause hyperactivity and mental retardation.

Answer 190

PKU

Question 191

A study that compares the behavior and/or development of people from different cultural or subcultural backgrounds.

Answer 191

Cross-cultural Design

Question 192

What is the correct sequence of prenatal development?

Answer 192

Zygote (germinal), embryo, Fetus

Question 193

A membrane that becomes attached to the uterine tissues to gather nourishment for the embryo.

Answer 193

Chorion

Question 194

The phase of the prenatal development wherein all major organ systems begin to function and the fetus grows rapidly.

Answer 194

Period of fetus

Question 195

first phase; from conception until the developing organism becomes firmly attached to the wall of the uterus

Answer 195

Period of zygote

Question 196

major organs and anatomical structures take shape

Answer 196

Period of embryo

Question 197

At what month does sexual differentiation progress rapidly?

Answer 197

3rd month

Question 198

The white cheesy substance that covers the fetus to protect the skin from chapping

Answer 198

Vernix

Question 199

Fine hair covering the fetus’s body

Answer 199

Lanugo

Question 200

The point between the 23rd and 28th prenatal weeks when survival outside the uterus is possible.

Answer 200

Age of viability

Question 201

Cell differentiation: Outer layer, skin, hair, nervous system

Answer 201

Ectoderm

Question 202

Middle layer: muscle, bones, circulatory system

Answer 202

Mesoderm

Question 203

Inner layer, digestive system, lungs, urinary tract and other organs

Answer 203

Endoderm

Question 204

watertight membrane; serves to regulate temperature and to cushion against injuries

Answer 204

Amnion

Question 205

a soft tube containing blood vessels that connects the embryo to the placenta

Answer 205

Umbilical cord

Question 206

As he was studying life-span development, Chico had to learn several interrelated, coherent sets of ideas that would help him explain and make predictions about development. Chico had to learn:

Answer 206

Theories

Question 207

Angy wanted to study the effect of demeaning language from parents on the self-esteem of pre-school children.

To accomplish her research, she asked 12 mothers to talk negatively to their young children for 5 minutes.

She them asked the children some questions about how they felt. Angy’s research will run into what ethical dilemma?

Answer 207

Beneficence

Question 208

Which of the following statements refer to the Sociobiological or the evolutionary perspective?

Answer 208

There are not enough resources for everyone, and only the fittest will survive.

Question 209

According to Freud, someone who compulsively bites their nails might have experienced which of the following as a young child?

Answer 209

An overly restrictive breastfeeding schedule

Question 210

A longitudinal study contacts a fresh sample of people each time a sweep is carried out.

Answer 210

False

Question 211

Experimental designs are superior to correlational approaches when dealing with:

Answer 211

variables that need to be manipulated.

Question 212

Changes in a person’s reserve capacity will affect that person’s:

Answer 212

ability to deal with physical and other types of stress

Question 213

In this stage of psychosocial development, the child asks himself “Can I do things on my own?”

Answer 213

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Question 214

Lilo used to be a friendly baby, smiling at strangers and going to them, continuing to coo happily as long as someone—anyone— was around.

Now, at 8 months, she turns away when a new person approaches and howls when her parents try to leave her with a babysitter.

Which indicates that she has developed stranger anxiety?

Answer 214

She turns away when new person approaches

Question 215

Which of the following describes the behavior of children with low self- esteem in social situations?

Answer 215

If they are rejected, they blame their own personality deficiencies.

Question 216

These are individuals who adopted a gender identity that differs from the one assigned to them at birth.

Answer 216

Transgender

Question 217

What is the difference between gross motor skills and fine motor skills?

Answer 217

Gross motor skills involve movements such as walking; fine motor skills involve finely tuned movements such as grasping a toy.

Question 218

20-year-old Charlie lives in a country with very low governmental standards for public education. As a result, he is barely literate.

The public policies that impact Ross’s education are part of the:

Answer 218

Macrosystem

Question 219

Ashley and her friends Josh and Nico are playing house, pretending they are “Mom,” “Dad,” and “Baby.”

They exchange toys, follow each other around, and when Nancy wants to join them, they finally say “okay.”

They giggle and seem to be having fun playing with each other. This is an example of what Parten called:

Answer 219

Cooperate play

Question 220

While strolling in SM MOA, Allarie passed through the food court area and smelled fresh-popped popcorn.

Enticed by the smell, he searched for the store and bought three packs of popcorn.

This is an example of what type of storage in the information processing model/approach?

Answer 220

Sensory memory

Question 221

As Ryan got into his 70s, his wife noticed that he seemed to easily become irritable, anxious, and depressed. He began to make a great many errors in their checkbook, and sometimes got frustrated because he could not even write a check. She became even more concerned when Ryan could not remember what he did yesterday or even that he had eaten a meal an hour ago. He would often repeat the same question over and over, such as “what time is it?” Ryan is most likely developing

Answer 221

Alzheimer’s disease.

Question 222

When selling a variety of souvenir items with different prices on the street, Chito quickly figures how much the tourists owe him, and he always gives correct change.

Given the same calculations in school, however, Chito has a difficult time working them out.

According to Sternberg, Chito is strong in _____ intelligence, but weak in _____
intelligence.

Answer 222

contextual; componential

Question 223

According to Vygotsky, should children be in groups with peers that are in the same skill level as them or with peers at different levels?

Answer 223

Different levels because they can learn from each other.

Question 224

According to Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory, the three factors that reciprocally influence development involve:

Answer 224

behavior, the person, and the environment.

Question 225

Which of the following is NOT one of the criticisms of psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 225

Psychoanalytic theories are culture- and gender-biased.

Question 226

people are like machines that react to environmental inputs; do not operate in their own will

Answer 226

Mechanistic Model

Question 227

Little girl Beth was with her mother in the mall and as they passed by an aisle of toys, Beth suddenly stopped and gestured to her mother the mermaid toy. Her mother refused to give her the toy as it is not part of their budget but Beth suddenly cried loudly in the mall and lied in the ground while crying because she really wanted the toy. According to Freud, which hypothetical part of the personality did Beth demonstrate? How about the mother?

Answer 227

Id:Ego

Question 228

During examination week, Anna likes to list all the subjects that she needs to study. She can’t start studying if her notes are not neatly compiled and if her study area is a mess. Thus, Anna takes a lot of time before she can actually study her lessons in preparation for the exam. Based on the psychosexual stages of Freud, which among the fixation in this stage is Anna demonstrating?

Answer 228

Anal retentive

*orderly, organized, tidy, meticulous, perfectionist

Question 229

Every time the young Shiela sees her mother interacting with her father, she would feel jealous but whenever she sees her father alone, she would feel a sense of attraction toward him. According to Freud, what is this called?

Answer 229

Female Oedipus Complex

Question 230

Before the midterm examination, the teacher announced in the class that whoever gets a perfect score will have a special present during Christmas. Which type of reinforcement is being utilized by the teacher?

Answer 230

Positive Reinforcement

Question 231

reward is given after a 𝗳𝗶𝘅𝗲𝗱/𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰 # of 𝐑esponse (ex:magstarbucks pagkatapos magread ng 3 pages)

Answer 231

Fixed ratio

Question 232

Joanne was studying in a coffee shop. In order to achieve her goal for the day, she decided to reward herself with a cup of coffee if she finished reading twenty pages from the book she was studying. This schedule of reinforcement is called:

Answer 232

Fixed ratio

Question 233

Reward is given after 𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗺 # of 𝐑esponse (ex: lottery)

Answer 233

Variable ratio

Question 234

reward is given after a 𝗳𝗶𝘅𝗲𝗱 amount of 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲 (ex: Sweldo)

Answer 234

Fixed interval

Question 235

reward is given after a 𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗺 amount of 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲 (ex: surprise quiz ni teacher)

Answer 235

Variable interval

Question 236

Maladaptive (syntonic) of psychosocial theory, in order.

Answer 236

Sensory distortion, impulsivity, ruthlessness, narrow virtuosity, fanaticism, promiscuity, overextension, presumption

Question 237

Malignancy (dystonic) psychosocial theory, in order.

Answer 237

Withdrawal, compulsion, inhibition, inertia, repudiation, exclusivity, rejectivity, despair

Question 238

It is the 30th day of the month and all the employees were racing to the ATM to check their bank accounts if their salary for the whole month has already been reflected. This schedule of reinforcement is called:

Answer 238

Fixed Interval

Question 239

After John received his salary for the month of October, he immediately went to the nearest lottery booth in order to try his luck in winning the lottery. This schedule of reinforcement is called:

Answer 239

Variable Ratio

Question 240

The reason why Diane got a low score on the exam was that her teacher did not announce about it. She was not able to prepare for the exam as it was unscheduled. Her teacher called it a “surprise attack” for the students. The teacher utilized what kind of schedule of reinforcement?

Answer 240

Variable Interval

Question 241

A young girl saw a four-legged animal eating grass on the ground (goat), she asked her mother about it. Her mother answered that the animal was called a goat. The next day, the young girl saw another four-legged animal, this time a cow, eating grass on the ground. She told her mother, “Mom, it’s a goat”. Which cognitive growth process did the young girl apply?

Answer 241

Assimilation

Question 242

adjusting one’s cognitive structures to fit the new information

Answer 242

Accommodation

Question 243

Abby grew up in a country where women are prohibited to surpass the income of men. This created constant quarrels on Abby’s parents as her mother has a higher income compared to his father. According to Urie Bronfenbrenner, which environmental system does this situation from Abby belong?

Answer 243

Macrosystem

Question 244

the interrelationship with two or more microsystem

Answer 244

Mesosystem

Question 245

With the passing of time, the quarrel between Abby’s parents resulted to their divorce. Which environmental system does this situation from Abby belong?

Answer 245

Chronosystem

Question 246

Rolly finished answering his assignment on time as he was afraid that his mother will punish him if he did not finish his assignment. According to Kohlberg, which level and stage of moral development does Rolly belong?

Answer 246

Preconventional: Stage 1 obedient and punishment

Question 247

takot sa punishment that’s why u do something

Answer 247

Stage 1 obedient and punishment

Question 248

ginagawa mo ang isang bagay kapag may reward, you gain something

Answer 248

Stage 2

Question 249

gagawin ang isang bagay kasi society see it as good (you’re a good boy/good girl)

Answer 249

Conventional- Stage 3: Good girl/good boy

Question 250

adherance to law; hindi ako magnanakaw kasi bawal yun sa batas

Answer 250

Conventional- Stage 4: law and order

Question 251

social contract or legalistic orientation/ kinoconsider yung batas but you have something greater good belief (e.g., mamatay na sa gutom mga kapatid mo at alam mo na kapag nagnakaw ka ikukulong ka pero alam mo na kapag hindi ka nagnakaw mamatay sa gutom mga kapatid mo), u considered the law but you care for something greater

Answer 251

Post conventional- Stage 5: social contract/ legalistic orientation

Question 252

you no longer care about the law but u do what is right because of inner conscious

Answer 252

Post conventional- stage 6- universal

Question 253

You see that your siblings are starving from hunger. You looked at your wallet and you saw that you do not have enough money left. You do not have work and you saw that your youngest sibling is showing symptoms of low blood sugar. You remembered that the sari-sari store nearby had displays of soft drink which will be helpful to boost the blood sugar of your sibling. You recognize that stealing the soft drink is a crime and it is punishable by law, however, if you do not steal the soft drink your youngest sibling will be at risk of dying. You ended up stealing the soft drink in order to save your youngest sibling. Which level and stage of moral development do you belong?

Answer 253

Stage 5

Question 254

Alexa is a fresh graduate student of psychology. When asked about her career path, she said that she is still confused as to which field of work in psychology should she pursue. She also said that she still needs to explore the options. This situation of Alexa is what James Marcia called:

Answer 254

Identity moratorium

Question 255

After trying the different fields of psychology, Alexa discovered that she is interested in the clinical setting. She decided to take a Masters degree in Clinical Psychology in order to further improve her knowledge in the field and to be able to work in the clinical setting in the future. This identity according to Marcia is called:

Answer 255

Identity Achievement

Question 256

Joaquin is now a senior high school graduate. His mother told him that he should take up the course Civil Engineering since this is an in-demand job in the Philippines. Joaquin followed his mother’s advice and took up Civil Engineering. What is Joaquin’s identity status?

Answer 256

Identity foreclosure

Question 257

Joy came home from work stressed as her supervisor scolded her at work. Joy’s daughter, not knowing the situation, approached her mother with all smiles as she showed her big star from school. Since Joy is still stressed from her superior’s scolding, she dismissed her daughter by neglecting her daughter’s enthusiasm which in turn made her daughter sad. Which environmental system of Bronfenbrenner does this belong?

Answer 257

Exosystem

Question 258

Grace was observing her child complete a leggo tower. Grace noticed that her child was having a hard time completing the tower so she guided her child on how to complete it by showing her child where to put the leggo pieces. According to Lev Vygotsky, what did Grace do?

Answer 258

Scaffolding

Question 259

the temporary support given to a child in doing a task

Answer 259

Scaffolding

Question 260

Concept of human development as lifelong process, which can be studied scientifically.

Answer 260

Life-span development

Question 261

Focuses on scientific study of the systematic process of change and stability in people.

Answer 261

Human development

Question 262

Focuses on the degree to which development involves either gradual, cumulative change or distinct stages.

Answer 262

Continuity-discontinuity

Question 263

Child’s genotype evokes certain kind of reactions from other people. Genetic make up may affect reactions of other people to a child.

Answer 263

Evocative gene-environment

Question 264

He studied the heredity in plants.

Answer 264

Gregor Mendel

Question 265

He states that children are born “Noble savages”

Answer 265

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 266

Emphasized the importancef adaptation reproduction and “survival of the fittest” in shaping behavior

Answer 266

Evolutionary psychology

Question 267

To take care and to do no harm

Answer 267

Beneficence and nonmaleficence

Question 268

Seek to describe the pattern of relationships, customs, beliefs, technology, arts, and traditions make up society’s way of life.

Answer 268

Ethnographic studies

Question 269

Determine whether a correlation exist between variables, phenomena that change or vary among people or can be varied for purpose of research.

Answer 269

Correlation study

Question 270

Natural experience compares people who have been accidentally assigned to separate groups by circumstances of life.

Answer 270

Quasi-experiment

Question 271

Pleasure principle, impulsive, irrational, selfish, seeks immediate gratification.

Answer 271

Id

Question 272

Reality principle, rational, finds realistic ways to gratify instincts.

Answer 272

Ego

Question 273

Data are collected on successive cross-sectional or longitudinal samples.

Answer 273

Sequential

Question 274

May be obsessively clean, rigidly tied to schedules and routines.

Answer 274

Anal fixation

Question 275

Attribute unwanted impulses and felings to someone else.

Answer 275

Projection

Question 276

Expression of unwanted feeling or mere thought is redirected from more threatening, powerful person to a weaker one.

Answer 276

Displacement

Question 277

How children handle new information in light of what they already know.

Answer 277

Adaptation

Question 278

Infant learns to reproduce events originally discovered by chance.

Answer 278

Circular reactions

Question 279

Coordinate previously learned schemes and are previously learned behaviors to attain their goals.

Answer 279

Coordination of secondary schemes

Question 280

Purposely vary their actions to see results.

Answer 280

Tertiary circular reactions

Question 281

The concept that people and many things remain even if they change in outward form, size, or appearance.

Answer 281

Identities

Question 282

Start with a general statement about a class and applies it to particular members of the class.

Answer 282

Deductive reasoning

Question 283

Decision making is influenced by two cognitive systems: verbatim analytical and gist-intuitional which operate in parallel.

Answer 283

Fuzzy-trace theory dual-process model

Question 284

People consider the effect of their actions not only on other people but on the universe as a whole.

Answer 284

Cosmic style

Question 285

Linkages between home and school or between family or peer groups.

Answer 285

Mesosystem

Question 286

Family composition, place of residence or parent’s employment.

Answer 286

Exosystem

Question 287

Supportive assistance with a task that parents, teachers, or other gives a child

Answer 287

Scaffolding

Question 288

Designed to assess attachment pattern between infants and caregiver.

Answer 288

Strange situation

Question 289

Ability of both infant and caregiver to respond appropriately and sensitively to each other’s mental and emotionnal states.

Answer 289

Mutual regulation

Question 290

Child develops sense of self, separated from the mother

Answer 290

Separation-individuation

Question 291

No commitment and no crisis

Answer 291

Identity diffusion

Question 292

With crisis but no commitment

Answer 292

Moratorium

Question 293

Observed behavior as a predictable response to experience.

Answer 293

Behaviorism

Question 294

Behavior returns to its original level when response is no longer reinforced

Answer 294

Extinguished

Question 295

Extra copy of chromosome 21

Answer 295

Trisomy 21

Question 296

Extra X chromosome

Answer 296

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 297

Limit body oxygen supply

Answer 297

Sickle-cell anemia

Question 298

Incompletely closed spinal canal

Answer 298

Spina bifida

Question 299

Accumulation of lipids in the nervous system

Answer 299

Tay-sachs disease

Question 300

Severe anemia.

Answer 300

Beta thalassemia

Question 301

Less than 3 pounds 4 ounces during birth

Answer 301

Very low birth weight

Question 302

Weigh less than 5 pounds and 8 ounces at birth

Answer 302

Low birth weight infants

Question 303

Involves skin-to-skin contact in which the baby wearing only diapers and is held upright against the parent’s bare chest to help stabilize preterm’s heartbeat, temp, and breathing.

Answer 303

Kangaroo care

Question 304

Miscarriage occured after 20 weeks of gestation

Answer 304

Stillbirth

Question 305

Used to relieve morning sickness.

Answer 305

Thalidomide

Question 306

Causes spontaneous abortion and premature detachment of placenta.

Answer 306

Cocaine

Question 307

Caused by parasite in the bodies of cattle, sheep, pigs, and intestine tract of cats that causes brain damage, impaired eyesight, seizure, and miscarriage.

Answer 307

Toxoplasmosis

Question 308

Perfectionism, rule follower, anal, constrained

Answer 308

Malignant tendency:compulsiveness

Question 309

Shameless, willfulness that leads jump into things without proper consideration reckless, and inconsiderate

Answer 309

Maladaptive tendency:impulsiveness

Question 310

Early indication of the ability to understand other’s mental states and their own.

Answer 310

Pretend play

Question 311

Eager willingness to cooperate harmoniously with a parent, not only in disciplinary actions but in variety of daily interactions.

Answer 311

Receptive cooperation

Question 312

Their crisis is initiative versus guilt.

Answer 312

Play age

Question 313

The realization that girl remains a girl even if she has a short haircut and plays with trucks that is between ages 3 and 7.

Answer 313

Gener consistency

Question 314

________ is voluntary control of emotions, attention, and behavior tend to become more empathetic and inclined to prosocial behaviors.

Answer 314

Emotional self-regulation

Question 315

Unfavorable attitudes towards outsiders. Children can be negatively affected by discrimination.

Answer 315

Prejudice

Question 316

Infrequently nominated as bestie and not really disliked

Answer 316

Neglected children

Question 317

Frequently nominated both bestie and most disliked.

Answer 317

Controversial children

Question 318

Aimed at achieving an objective. Proactive and view force and coercion as effective ways to get what they want

Answer 318

Instrumental aggression

Question 319

Sustained loyalty, faith, or a sense of belonging to a loved one, friends, or companions.

Answer 319

Fidelity

Question 320

People who seek medical assistance to permanently transition to their preffered gender.

Answer 320

Transsexual

Question 321

Type of attachment style that is resistant about getting involved in romatic relationship and once they do, they distance themselves to their partners.

Answer 321

Avoidant

Question 322

Freedom emotional stages of retirement wherein one is enjoying newfound freedom and retirement.

Answer 322

Honeymoon phase

Question 323

Changes in personality occurs during middle forties

Answer 323

Midlife crisis

Question 324

Views the development of self as a continuous process of constructing one’s life story.

Answer 324

Narrative psychology

Question 325

Occurs when the youngest child leaves home.

Answer 325

Empty nest syndrome

Question 326

Adults learn to balance love and duty to their parents with autonomy in a two-way relationship.

Answer 326

Filial crisis

Question 327

Giving caregivers some time off.

Answer 327

Respite care

Question 328

Involves withholding or discontinuing treatment that might extend the life of a terminally ill patient.

Answer 328

Passive euthanasia

Question 329

Resemble revolutionary movements that do not appear until months after the reflexes have disappeared.

Answer 329

Locomotor reflexes

Question 330

Early human reflex wherein mouth open, eyes closes, neck flexes. and head titles forward.

Answer 330

Babkin

Question 331

In what month can a baby keep their heads erect while being held or supported in a sitting position.

Answer 331

4th month

Question 332

Developmental test designed to assess children from 1 month to 3 and 1/2.

Answer 332

Bayley scales of infant and toddler development

Question 333

Repeating pleasurable behaviors that first occur by chance. Begin to coordinate sensory information and grasp objects.

Answer 333

Primary circular reactions

Question 334

The realization that something continues to exist when ouot of sight

Answer 334

Object permanence

Question 335

Tendency to spend more time looking at one sight rather than another.

Answer 335

Visual preference

Question 336

Words that the child uses or expresses

Answer 336

Spoken vocabulary

Question 337

Sudden long, initial loud cry followed by breath holding

Answer 337

Pain cry

Question 338

Higher pitch and a more monotonic vocalization is associated with autonomic system activity during stressful procedure.

Answer 338

Frustration cry

Question 339

Infants smile at an object then gaze at an adult while continuing to smile.

Answer 339

Anticipatory smile

Question 340

A concept involves the rules for putting together sentences in a particular language

Answer 340

Syntax

Question 341

Manage emotions by refusing to think about an issue or reframing the event in the positive light.

Answer 341

Emotion-focused coping

Question 342

Characterized by the ability to deal with inconsistency, contradictions, and compromise.

Answer 342

Postformal thought

Question 343

Focused on the purpose of what they do and concentrate on tasks that have most meaning for them.

Answer 343

Reintegrative stage

Question 344

Treated as family members despite a lack of blood relationship.

Answer 344

Fictive kin

Question 345

Motivational element that is based on inner drives that translate physiological arousal into sexual desire.

Answer 345

Passion

Question 346

Intimacy and commitment are present.

Answer 346

Companionate love

Question 347

Ability to remember and use information acquired over a lifetime such as academics.

Answer 347

Crystallized intelligence

Question 348

Relationship of friend blended with physical intimacy but little commitment.

Answer 348

Friends with benefits (Factitious love)

Question 349

Switching to another company or new line of work

Answer 349

Bridge employment

Question 350

Difficulty focusing on new objects.

Answer 350

Presbyopia

Question 351

Beginning of menopause

Answer 351

Perimenopause

Question 352

Often involving a sense of being out of the body or sucked into a tunnel and visions of bright light or anytical encounters.

Answer 352

Near death experience

Question 353

Distressed for a long time

Answer 353

Chronic grief

Question 354

Type of suicide that result of marked disruption such as sudden loss of job.

Answer 354

Anomic

Question 355

Viewing problems and solutions in rigid terms

Answer 355

Dichotomous thinking

Question 356

The person survives from attempts

Answer 356

Suicidal attempts

Question 357

Clearly intent to end their lives at the time they attempt.

Answer 357

Death seekers

Question 358

Diagnostic x-ray of the breasts.

Answer 358

Mammogram

Question 359

Inability to conceive a baby.

Answer 359

Infertile

Question 360

The preference of using one hand over the other

Answer 360

Handedness

Question 361

At what age the children begin to lose their babyish roundness and take on the slender, athletic appearance of childhood

Answer 361

3 years old

Question 362

They conversate in sentences and may be declarative, negative, interrogative, or imperative

Answer 362

4 years old

Question 363

Children start to understand that mental states can drive emotions

Answer 363

7 years old

Question 364

Able to categorize objects to identify similarities and differences

Answer 364

4 yrs old

Question 365

Can now count to 20 or more and know the relative sizes of the numbers 1 through 10

Answer 365

5 years old

Question 366

Has an expressive vocabulary of 2,600 words and understands more than 20,000. Permanent teeth begins to appear

Answer 366

6 years old

Question 367

Tendency to attribute life to objects that are not alive

Answer 367

Animism

Question 368

Young children center so much on their own point of view that they cannot take in another’s

Answer 368

Egocentrism

Question 369

Involves on focusing on one dimension while ignoring the other

Answer 369

Centration

Question 370

Eyah’s realization that her identity will always be the same.

Answer 370

Gender constancy

Question 371

Nic’s realization that even though a guy makes his hair long and plays with dolls, but still remains a male.

Answer 371

Gender consistency

Question 372

TRUE OR FALSE: Maladaptive Tendency: Ruthlessness don’t care who they step in just to achieve their goals

Answer 372

True

Question 373

TRUE OR FALSE: Malignant Tendency: Inhibition too much guilt to do anything so nothing would happen

Answer 373

True

Question 374

TRUE OR FALSE: Based on Piaget’s moral reasoning, Autonomous Morality children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world, removed from the control of people

Answer 374

False

Question 375

TRUE OR FALSE: Based on Piaget’s moral reasoning, Heteronomous morality the child becomes aware with the rules and laws created by people, and in judging an action they consider the actor’s intentions as well as the consequences

Answer 375

False

Question 376

Piaget moral reasoning, children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world, removed from the control of people. 4-7 years of age. Consider its consequences, not its intentions
“law is law”

Answer 376

Heteronomous morality

Question 377

Sibol plays beside the other children independently. According to the 6 types of play by Parten(1932), where does Sibol belong?

Answer 377

Parallel play

Question 378

child does not seem to be playing but watches anything of momentary interest

Answer 378

Unoccupied play

Question 379

child spends most time watching others play

Answer 379

Onlooker play

Question 380

child plays alone

Answer 380

Solitary independent play

Question 381

plays beside the other children independently. No conversation.

Answer 381

Parallel play

Question 382

children talk, borrow, and lend toys, follow each other around and play similarly.

Answer 382

Associative play

Question 383

child plays in a group

Answer 383

Cooperative play or organized supplementary play

Question 384

Paty spends most of her time watching other children play. According to the 6 types of play by Parten(1932), where does Paty belong?

Answer 384

Onlooker play

Question 384

As a parent, I make few demands, I am warm, noncontrolling, and I’m highly responsive. What’s my parenting style?

Answer 384

Permissive/Indulgent

Question 385

emphasizes control and unquestioning obedience, high control, low responsiveness

Answer 385

Authoritarian

Question 386

make few demands, warm, noncontrolling, low control, high responsiveness

Answer 386

Permissive/indulgent

Question 387

emphasizes child’s individuality but also stress limits, high control, high responsiveness

Answer 387

Authoritative

Question 388

parents neglect children; low control, low responsiveness

Answer 388

Neglectful/uninvolved

Question 389

I emphasize my child’s individuality, but also stress limits, I have a high control and high responsiveness. What’s my parenting style?

Answer 389

Authorative

Question 390

It is the storage of virtually unlimited capacity that holds information for a long period of time.

Answer 390

Long term memory

Question 391

The imaginary psychological space between what children can do or know by themselves and what they could do or know with help

Answer 391

ZPD

Question 392

allows a child to pick up approximate meaning of a new word after hearing it only once or twice in conversation

Answer 392

Fast mapping

Question 393

Speech intended to be understood by a listener

Answer 393

Social speech

Question 394

a concept and involves the rules for putting together sentences in a particular language

Answer 394

Syntax

Question 395

practical knowledge of how to use language to communicate

Answer 395

Pragmatics

Question 396

talking aloud to oneself with no intent to communicate with others

Answer 396

Private speech

Question 397

Jangmi plays with the use of imaginary objects, actions and roles.

Answer 397

Dramatic Play (Pretend Play, Fantasy Play, Imaginative Play)

Question 398

simplest level; begins during infancy, consisting of repeated practice in large muscular movements

Answer 398

Functional Play (Locomotor Play or Sensorimotor Play)

Question 399

use of objects or materials to make something

Answer 399

Constructive Play (Object Play or Practice Play

Question 400

involves imaginary objects, actions, or roles

Answer 400

Dramatic Play (Pretend Play, Fantasy Play, Imaginative Play)

Question 401

Observation enables children to learn much about gender-typed behaviors before performing them

Answer 401

Social Cognitive Theory

Question 402

the awareness of the broad range of human mental states – beliefs, intents, desires, dreams, and so forth – and the understanding that others have their own

Answer 402

Theory of mind

Question 403

the selection of sexual partners is a response to differing reproductive pressures early men and women confronted in the study for survival

Answer 403

Theory of sexual selection

Question 404

Putting away in the filing cabinet where it is kept

Answer 404

Storage

Question 405

This theory believes that the sequence of development is universal that children from around the world reach language milestones in a similar sequence

Answer 405

Stages theories

Question 406

This is visualized as a smooth slope of progression

Answer 406

Continuous development

Question 407

Dating, romance, cohabitation, marriage, having children, and finding work or a career are all parts of the transition into ______________.

Answer 407

Adulthood

Question 408

The result of environmental factors and lifestyle choices that can accelerate the aging process, such as smoking, poor nutrition, lack of exercise, and exposure to pollution and stress

Answer 408

Secondary aging

Question 409

Refers to the natural, inevitable biological process of aging that occurs to everyone as they grow older.

Answer 409

Primary aging

Question 410

This involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.

Answer 410

Psychosocial Development

Question 411

This involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

Answer 411

Cognitive Development

Question 412

This involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

Answer 412

Physical Development

Question 412

This refers to the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development of humans throughout the lifespan.

Answer 412

Human development

Question 413

In infancy and toddlerhood, major development happens during the _____________ of life.

Answer 413

first two years

Question 414

Referred to as the preschool years, consisting of the years that follow toddlerhood and precede formal schooling

Answer 414

Earl childhood

*preschool years – early childhood
primary school age - middle childhood

Question 415

A major developmental task during adolescence involves establishing one’s own ___________.

Answer 415

Identity

Question 415

In this period, the world becomes one of learning and testing new academic skills and assessing one’s abilities and accomplishments by making comparisons between self and others.

Answer 415

Middle childhood

Question 416

Who proposed the new stage called “emerging adulthood” where individuals are still exploring their identities and don’t quite feel like adults yet?

Answer 416

Jeffrey Arnet

Question 417

Adults are in the middle of taking care of their children and also taking care of their parents. This refers to ____________.

Answer 417

Sandwich Generation

Question 418

Statement 1: Optimal aging are those adult who have a very good health and continues to have an active life.

Statement 2: Normal aging are those adult who has more physical challenge and disease than others of the same age.

Statement 3: Impaired aging is referring to someone who has more physical challenge and disease than others of the same age.

Answer 418

Statement 2 is inaccurate

Question 419

Statement 1: The concept of a “good death” is described as including personal choices and the involvement of loved ones throughout the process.

Statement 2: Palliative care is an approach to maintain dying individuals’ comfort level

Statement 3: Hospice is a movement and practice that involves professional and volunteer care and loved ones.

Answer 419

All statement are correct

Question 420

In adolescence, puberty consists of physiological and physical changes with changes in hormone levels. In this example, what perspective is being referred to?

Answer 420

Development is multidimensional

Question 420

Development means that development is not completed in infancy or childhood or at any specific age.

Answer 420

Lifelong

Question 421

According to this process, individuals tend to sacrifice specific events in life in order to prioritize something that is more important or necessary for them.

Answer 421

Selective optimization

*According to the process of selective optimization, individuals prioritize particular functions above others, reducing the adaptive capacity of particulars for specialization and improved efficacy of other modalities

Question 422

In the item stated above, what perspective are being referred to?

Answer 422

Multidirectional perspective

Question 423

Findings suggest that cognitive function, particularly memory, can be significantly improved in mature adults with age-related cognitive decline by using brain plasticity-based training methods. What lifespan perspective that this statement best indicates?

Answer 423

Development shows plasticity

Question 424

In the lifespan perspective that development is contextual, Baltes identified three types of influences that operate throughout the life course:

A. Normative age-graded influences are those biological and environmental factors that have a strong correlation with chronological age

B. Normative history-graded influences are NOT associated with a specific time period that defines the broader environmental and cultural context in which an individual develops. (e.g. COVID 19)

C. Nonnormative influences are predictable and tied to a certain developmental time in a person’s development or to a historical period.

Answer 424

Only A is accurate

Question 425

Psychologists, sociologists, neuroscientists, anthropologists, educators, economists, historians, medical researchers, and others may all be interested and involved in research related to the normative age-graded, normative history-graded, and nonnormative influences that help shape development.

Answer 425

Development is multidisciplinary

Question 426

According to Baltes’ lifespan perspective, what is true about development?

Answer 426

Development is multidimensional, multidirectional and multidisciplinary.

Question 427

These studies are used to describe general or specific behaviors and attributes that are observed and measured.

Answer 427

Descriptive Research/ Qualitative Studies

Question 427

An approach to studying development which emphasizes that development is lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, contextual, and multidisciplinary

Answer 427

Lifespan perspective

Question 428

As a psychologist, you want to formally test whether a relationship exists between two or more variables. What type of research will you use?

Answer 428

Correlational Research

Question 429

A. Science offers a more systematic way to make comparisons and guard against bias.

B. One technique used to avoid sampling bias is to select participants for a study in a random way.

C. Random sampling technique ensures that all members have an equal chance of being selected.

Answer 429

True

Question 430

This is using a set of random numbers as a guide in determining who is to be selected.

Answer 430

Simple random sampling

Question 431

Sometimes qualitative studies are used initially to explore a topic and more quantitative studies are used to test or explain what was first described.

Answer 431

All statements are correct

Question 432

This is designed to assess the effectiveness of policies or programs.

Answer 432

Evaluation Research

Question 433

Research that tries to answer the question “why”. Choose the BEST answer.

Answer 433

Explanatory Studies

Question 434

The tendency to look for evidence that we are right and in so doing, we ignore contradictory evidence.

Answer 434

Confirmation Bias

Question 435

This involves looking at media such as old texts, pictures, commercials, lyrics or other materials to explore patterns or themes in culture

Answer 435

Content Analysis

*secondary content analysis:

archival research, involves analyzing information that has already been collected or examining documents or media to uncover attitudes, practices or preferences

Question 436

Method of loci, peg-word system, and chunking are all examples of

Answer 436

mnemonic devices

Question 437

This sensorimotor substage of Piaget involves coordinating sensation and new schemas. For example, a child may suck their thumb by accident and then later intentionally repeat the action. These actions are repeated because the infant finds them pleasurable.

Answer 437

Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 months)

Question 438

Marty referees high school basketball games. He knows that it is a difficult job and that players, coaches, and spectators are often unfairly critical of the referees. Nevertheless, when he attends his daughter’s games, he often yells at the referees. When someone brings up this behavior, Marty looks uncomfortable and then says: “If people pay their money for a ticket, they have a right to say whatever they want.” Marty’s response exemplifies

Answer 438

cognitive dissonance

Question 439

The rules for how words are ordered in order to create meaningful sentences are called

Answer 439

Syntax

Question 440

According to Erik Erikson, the primary developmental task for young adults is to

Answer 440

develop intimate relationships with others

Question 441

Three domains of human development

Answer 441

Physical, Cognitive, and Psychosocial

Question 442

goals of human development

Answer 442

description, explanation, prediction, and intervention

Question 443

A concept of human development as a life long process, which can be studied scientifically

Answer 443

Life-span Development

Question 444

focuses on the scientific study of the systematic processes of change and stability in people

Answer 444

Human development

Question 445

Is the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span.

Answer 445

Development

Question 446

Division of the life-span into periods

Answer 446

social construction

Question 447

8 periods of human development

Answer 447

prenatal (conception to birth)
infancy and toddlerhood (birth-3)
Early Childhood (3-6)
Middle Childhood (6-11)
Adolescence (11-20)
Emerging and Young Adulthood (20-40)
Middle Adulthood (40-65)
Late Adulthood (65- over)

Question 448

The predicted number of years a person born in particular time period can reasonably expect to live.

Answer 448

Life Expectancy

Question 449

Life-span perspective

Answer 449

Development is:

• lifelong
• multidimensional
• multidirectional
• multidisciplinary
• plastic/ plasticity
• contextual
• Involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss
• Is a co-construction of biology, culture, and the individual factors

Question 450

The length of time a species can exist under the most optimal conditions

Answer 450

lifespan or longevity

Question 451

MSE

Answer 451

Mental Status Evaluation

Question 452

Sleep of Baby/ Neonate

Answer 452

Average of 16-18 hrs/day

Question 453

Newborn Sleep pattern

Answer 453

4 hr cycle: 3 hrs sleep & 1 hr awake

Question 454

Fantasizing about what one wants to do in retirement

Answer 454

Remote pre-retirement phase

Question 455

A phase of retirement in which the individual has concrete plan are established

Answer 455

Immediate pre-retirement phase

Question 456

A phase of retirement in which the individual can now do travel and other activities that they couldn’t usually do

Answer 456

Honeymoon Phase

Question 457

Phase of retirement that the individual experience an emotional let-down

Answer 457

Disechantment Phase

Question 458

Phase of retirement that the individual making less hectic plans and getting into regular routine

Answer 458

Reorientation Phase

Question 459

What are the stages of grief?

Answer 459

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

Question 460

Occurs 2-8 weeks after conception

Answer 460

Embryonic Stage

Question 461

5 Ps Presenting Factor

Answer 461

Presenting
Predisposing
Precipitating
Protective
Perpetuating

Question 462

factors are behaviors or environmental factors that maintain or worsen a mental illness. These can include things at home (lack of supportive relationship), at work (lack of stable income), at social (lack of friendships), poor coping strategies (such as ruminating), or at school (such as being bullied)

Answer 462

Perpetuating factor

Question 463

Refer to the immediate issues or events that have caused the person to present with their symptoms. For example, if someone experienced a highly stressful event (breakup of a relationship, loss of employment), or a traumatic event (such as sexual assault), then these, in combination with predisposing factors, might explain the onset of the mental health problems.

Answer 463

Precipitating Factors

Question 464

Risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing a particular mental illness, includes genetic.

Answer 464

Predisposing Factor

Question 465

Factors that decrease the likelihood of developing or getting “stuck” with a mental health problem. These factors can include the person’s strengths, such as competencies, skills, talents, interests, and supportive elements.

Answer 465

Protective Factors

Question 466

Neural Tube

Answer 466

Spinal cord Development

Question 467

Is the process of balancing assimilation and accommodation to create schemes that fit the environment

Answer 467

Equilibration

Question 468

Ability to know that an object exists even when it is not being sensed

Answer 468

Object Permanence

Question 469

Can be defined as the understanding that changes in the form of an object do not necessarily mean changes in the quantity of the object

Answer 469

conservation

Question 470

Can be defined as the understanding that some things that have been changed can be returned to their original state

Answer 470

reversibility

Question 471

Post operational stage of Piaget, this is the ability to reflect upon one’s thinking

Answer 471

metacognition

Question 472

During this sensorimotor substage, the child becomes more focused on the world and begins to intentionally repeat an action to trigger a response in the environment. For example, a child will purposefully pick up a toy and put it in their mouth.

Answer 472

Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 months)

Question 473

During this substage, the child starts to show clearly intentional actions. The child may also combine schemas in order to achieve the desired effect. Children begin exploring the environment around them and will often imitate the observed behavior of others. The understanding of objects also begins during this time and children begin to recognize certain objects as having specific qualities. For example, a child might realize that a rattle will make a sound when shaken.

Answer 473

Coordination of Reactions (8-12 months)

Question 474

Children begin a period of trial-and-error experimentation during the fifth substage. For example, a child may try out different sounds or actions as a way of getting attention from a caregiver.

Answer 474

Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months)

Question 475

Children begin a period of trial-and-error experimentation during the fifth substage. For example, a child may try out different sounds or actions as a way of getting attention from a caregiver.

Answer 475

Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months)

Question 476

Children begin to develop symbols to represent events or objects in the world in the final sensorimotor substage. During this time, children begin to move towards understanding the world through mental operations rather than purely through actions.

Answer 476

Early Representational Thought (18-24 months)

Question 477

Children begin to develop symbols to represent events or objects in the world in the final sensorimotor substage. During this time, children begin to move towards understanding the world through mental operations rather than purely through actions.

Answer 477

Early Representational Thought (18-24 months)