Developmental psychology

Question 1

Critical periods

Answer 1

Transitions between stages of development

Question 2

John Bowlby

Answer 2

Coined the term attachment to describe the child’s attachment to the mother

Question 3

Bonding

Answer 3

The mothers connection to the child

Question 4

Engrossment

Answer 4

The fathers connection to the child

Question 5

Harlows monkey experiment

Answer 5

Attachment behavior is displayed by the infant towards the attachment figure from whom affection, comfort, and warmth are sought even in preference for food

Question 6

Bowlbys four phases of normal (healthy) attachment

Answer 6

Pre attachment 0-2 months
Attachment in the making 2-8 months
Clear cut attachment 8-24 months
Goal directed partnership 2-3 years

Question 7

Lorenz

Answer 7

Explained attachment as a form of imprinting , which occurs in animals other than primates

Question 8

Mary Ainsworth 1913- 1999

Answer 8

Conducted two important studies on attachment
In Uganda and in Baltimore
In USA it was called the strange situation

Question 9

Strange Situation experiment

Answer 9

Eight scenarios enacted in a room with a one year old baby

Grater emphasis is placed on the mother returning

Question 10

Ainsworth classified infants into three groups

Answer 10

Group A anxious avoidant 20%
Group B secure 70%
Group C anxious ambivalent 10%

Question 11

Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

Answer 11

Proposed that child’s cognitive development is dependent upon interaction with the environment and progresses at varying rates through specific stages

Question 12

Schemas

Answer 12

Cognitive structure or pattern of behavior/ knowledge

Question 13

Assimilation

Answer 13

Incorporation of new or novel information into existing thought patterns (schemas)

Question 14

Accommodation

Answer 14

Adjustment or modification of existing schemas to facilitate comprehension of new information

Question 15

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 15

0-2 years
Child has innate reflex which are modified by the outside world
4 mth: primary decentring
8 mth: purposeful behavior
12 mths: object permanence ( hidden objects still exist) hence peek a boo games

Question 16

Pre operational stage

Answer 16

2-7 years
Pre causal logic: non scientific, based on child's inner world 
Animism: characteristics of life are attributed to all objects 
Symbolic play
Egocentrism
Occasional divided into:
Pre conceptual (2-4 years)
Intuitive (4-7 years)

Question 17

Concrete operational

Answer 17

7-11 years

Laws of conservation