Developmental Psychology

Question 1

Developmental psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of how humans change over the lifespan from the conception through infancy childhood, adolescence and adulthood

Question 2

Germinal period

Answer 2

The period in prenatal development from conception to two weeks after conception when the zygote divides rapidly and implants in the uterine wall

Question 3

Embryonic period

Answer 3

The period in prenatal development from three through eight weeks after conception when the brain spine major organs and bodily structures begin to form in the embryo

Question 4

Fetal period

Answer 4

The period in prenatal development from nine weeks after conception until birth when the brain continues developing bodily structures are redefined and the fetus grows in length and weight and accumulate fat in Preparation for birth

Question 5

Teratogens

Answer 5

Environmental substances that can harm prenatal development

Question 6

Maturation

Answer 6

Physical development of the brain and body that produces growth and enables physical and psychological functioning

Question 7

Attachment

Answer 7

An enduring emotional connection that can motivate care protection and social support

Question 8

Secure attachment

Answer 8

The attachment style for infants who are confident enough to play in an unfamiliar environment as long as the caregiver is present and who are readily comforted by the return of the caregiver

Question 9

Avoidant attachment

Answer 9

The attachment style for infants who do not look at the caregiver when the caregiver leaves or returns and who play happily with a stranger in the caregivers absence

Question 10

Ambivalent attachment

Answer 10

The attachment style for infants who seem to have mixed feelings about the caregiver they cry when the caregiver leaves the room but they both seek out and reject the caregiver upon their caregivers return

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

The process we used to incorporate new information into existing schemas ways of thinking about how the world works

Question 12

Accommodation

Answer 12

The process we used to create new schemas ways of thinking about how the world works or drastically alter existing schemas to incorporate new information that otherwise would not fit

Question 13

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 13

The first stage in Piagets Theory of cognitive development during this stage infants acquire information about the world through their senses and motor skills

Question 14

Preoperational stage

Answer 14

The second stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development during the stage children think symbolically about objects but they reason based on intuition and superficial appearances rather than logic

Question 15

Concrete operational stage

Answer 15

The third stage in Piagets Theory of cognitive development during this stage children begin to think about and understand logical operations and they are no longer fooled by appearances

Question 16

Formal operational stage

Answer 16

The fourth and final stage in Paget’s theory of cognitive development during this stage people can think abstractly and they can formulate a test hypothesis through logic

Question 17

Theory of mind

Answer 17

The ability to understand that other people have mental state that influence their behavior

Question 18

Babbling

Answer 18

Intentional vocalization often by an infant that does not have a specific meaning

Question 19

Telegraphic speech

Answer 19

Speech in which toddlers combine basic words any logical syntax but not a complete sentence that conveys a wealth of meaning

Question 20

Over regularization

Answer 20

The tendency for young children to incorrectly use a regular grammar rule when they should use an exception to the rule

Question 21

Puberty

Answer 21

The period during adolescence in which sexual maturation leads the ability to reproduce

Question 22

Secondary sex characteristics

Answer 22

Physical features that are not directly related to reproduction but that indicate the difference between the sexes

Question 23

Primary sex characteristics

Answer 23

Physical features directly related to reproduction such as in a reproductive organs and genitals

Question 24

Identity versus role confusion

Answer 24

the fifth stage of Ericksons theory of psychosocial development in which adolescence faced the challenge of figuring out who they are

Question 25

Parenting styles

Answer 25

Methods of parenting based on levels of how demanding and responsive parent are

Question 26

Preconventional level

Answer 26

Lowest level of moral reasoning at this level self interest in event outcomes determine what is moral

Question 27

Conventional level

Answer 27

Middle level of moral reasoning at this level strict adherence to societal laws and approval of others determine what is moral

Question 28

Postconventional level

Answer 28

Highest level of moral reasoning at this level decision about morality depend on complex reasoning abstract principal is the value of life in the greater good for all people

Question 29

Emerging adulthood

Answer 29

In the developed world people between ages 18 to 25 are considered to be emerging adults during emerging adulthood young people further develop their sense of identity as they post pone traditional adult rules

Question 30

Dementia

Answer 30

Severe impairment in intellectual capacity and personality often due to Alzheimer’s disease and strokes

Question 31

Intimacy versus isolation

Answer 31

Six stage of Ericksons theory of psychosocial development in which young adults face the challenge of forming committed long-term friendships and romances

Question 32

Generativity versus stagnation

Answer 32

Seventh stage of Ericksons theory of psychosocial development in which middle-aged adults faced the challenge of leaving behind a positive legacy and caring for future generations

Question 33

Integrity versus despair

Answer 33

Eighth stage of Ericksons theory of psychosocial development in which older adults faced a challenge of feeling satisfied that they have lived a good life and developed wisdom