DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCH Flashcards
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Scientific study of processes of change and stability throughout the human life span.
Human development
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Concept of human development as a lifelong processes, which can be studied scientifically
- from womb to tomb
• Development can be either positive or negative
- toilet trained or wetting the bed
Life span development
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As the field of human development itself developed, its goals came to include ____, _____ , _____ and ____
Description
Explanation
Prediction
Intervention
CHAPTER 1 ( Domains of development)
- Growth of body and brain, including patterns of change in sensory capacities, motor skills and health.
- Pattern of change in mental abilities such as learning, attention, memory, langugage, thinking, reasoning and creativity
- Pattern of change in emotions, personality and social relationships
Physical development
Cognitive development
Psychosocial development
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Division of the lifespan into periods
• A concept or practice that may appear natural and obvious to those who accept it, but that in reality is an invention of a particular culture or society
Social construction
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- Differences in characteristics, influences, or developmental outcomes
- people differ in height, weight, gender and body build
Individual differences
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- In born traits or characteristics inherited from the biological parents
- Totality of nonhereditary or experiental or influences on development
- Unfolding of a natural sequence of physical and behavioural changes
Heredity
Environment
Maturation
CHAPTER 1 ( CONTEXT OF DEVELOPMENT)
1. Two generational kinship, economic and household unit consisting of one or two parents and their biological children, adopted children or stepchildren.
- Multigenerational kinship network of parents, children and other relatives, sometimes living together, a non extensive household
Nuclear family
Extended family
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- combination of economic and social factors describing an individual or family, including income, education and occupation
- Conditions that increase the likelihood of a negative developmental outcome
- A society or groups total way of life, including customs, traditions, beliefs, values, langugage, physical products-all learned behaviour passed from parents to children
Socioeconomic status (SES)
Risk factors
Culture
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- A group united by ancestry, race, religion, language or national origins, which contribute to a sense of shared identity
- Overgeneralization about an ethnic or cultural group that obsecures differences within the group ( Black, white or Hispanic)
Ethnic group
Ethnic gloss
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Characteristics of an event that occurs in a similar way for most people in a group
- 2 types
Biological or environmental events
Historical generation
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BIOLOGICAL or ENVIRONMENTAL EVENTS
- Are highly similar for people in a particular age group. People don’t experience puberty at age 35
- Significant events (such as the Great depression or world war II) that shape the behavioral and attitudes of a historical generation
Normative age-graded influences
Normative history -graded influences
CHAPTER 1 (NORMATIVE)
A group of people strongly influenced by a major historical event during their formative period
- show a strong sense of social interpendence
- may contain more than one cohort
Historical generation
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Characteristics of an unusual event that happens to a particular person or typical event happens at an unusual time of life.
• _____
- are unusual events that have a major impact on individual lives because they disturb the expected sequence of the life cycle
- Death of a parent when child is young
Nonnormative
Nonnormative influences
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A group of people born at about the same time. Parts of historical generation only if they experience main shaping historical events at a formative point in their lives
Cohorts
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Instinctive form of learning in which, during a critical period in early development, a young animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees, usually the mother
Imprinting
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Specific time when a given event or its absence has a specific impact on development.
- if a woman contracts a certain disease at certain times during pregnancy, the fetus may show specific ill effects, depending on the nature of the insult
Critical period
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Range of modifiability of performance
Plasticity
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Times in development when a person is particularly open to certain kinds of experiences
Sensitive periods
CHAPTER 1 (ISSUE 1. Is development ACTIVE OR REACTIVE)
- model the views human development as a series of predictable responses to stimuli.
- to explain why some college students drink too much alcohol, a ___ theorist might look for environmental influences, such as advertising
Mechanistic model
Mechanistic theorist
CHAPTER 2 ( ISSUE 1: Is development ACTIVE OR REACTIVE)
- Model that views human development as internally initiated by an active orgnism and as occuring in a sequence of qualitatively different stages
- an _____, in studying why some students drink too much, look at what kind of situations they choose to participate in and with whom.
( Do they choose friends who prefer to party or to study? )
Organismic model
Organismic theorist
CHAPTER 2 ( ISSUES 2: Is development continous or discontinuous)
- is development continous that is gradual and incremental or discontinuous that is, abrupt or uneven
- Changes in number or amount such as height, weight, size of vocabulary or frequency of communication
- Discontinuous changes in kind, structure or organization
- intelligence
Quantitative change
Qualitative change
CHAPTER 1 ( THE LIFESPAN OF DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH)
- Development is ___, lifelong process of change
- Development is ___, multiple interacting dimensions
- Development is ___, some abilities such as vocabulary often continue to increase throughout most of adulthood
- Relative influence of ___ and ___ shift over the life span
- Muscular strength weaken with age
Lifelong
Multidimensional
Multidirectional
Biology and culture
CHAPTER 1 (THE LIFE SPAN DEVELOPMENT APPROACH)
- Development involves changing resource ____. In old age, resources to regulation of loss
- Development shows ___, strength can be improved significantly with training and practice
- Development is influenced by the ___ and ___ context, significant cohort differences in intellectual functioning.
Allocations
Plasticity
Historical and cultural
